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Milk Collection in the Rat Using Capillary Tubes and Estimation of Milk Fat Content by Creamatocrit

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Published on: December 16, 2015

Determining Moisture Content in Milk Powder: Challenges in the Evaluation of Performance by Proficiency Testing Using

Susan Poo^1,2, Miguel Palma², Ociel Muñoz³

¹Laboratory for Measurement Quality Assurance (LACM), Institute of Food Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|March 17, 2025

Summary

Proficiency testing (PT) for milk powder moisture content reveals issues with reference value uncertainty and standard deviation criteria. These factors risk inaccurate performance evaluations, especially in schemes with few labs.

Keywords:

assigned value milk powder moisture proficiency testing reference value small number of laboratories water content

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Published on: June 4, 2014

Area of Science:

Food Science
Analytical Chemistry
Quality Control

Background:

Accurate moisture determination in milk powder is crucial for product stability.
Proficiency testing (PT) validates analytical methods for moisture content.
Previous PT rounds lacked comprehensive evaluation of reference values and uncertainty.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate reference values, their uncertainty, and implications for moisture determination PT in milk powder.
To assess the impact of uncertainty on performance evaluations using z'-scores.
To analyze the suitability of current standard deviation criteria for PT assessments.

Main Methods:

Analysis of nine PT rounds for milk powder moisture determination (2017-2021).
Independent laboratory assignment of reference values, incorporating analysis session uncertainty.
Evaluation of ISO 13528:2022 criteria, z'-scores, and robust standard deviation from participant data.

Main Results:

Uncertainty criteria were unmet in 77.8% of PT rounds, increasing erroneous evaluation risk (5.8%).
Robust standard deviation exceeded 0.14 g/100 g in 63.0% of PT items, suggesting criteria modification.
Independent reference values impacted 19.3% of performance classifications.

Conclusions:

Current PT uncertainty and standard deviation criteria require adaptation for accurate milk powder moisture analysis.
Independent reference values are vital for PT schemes with limited laboratory participation.
Improved PT protocols are necessary to enhance the reliability of moisture determination in milk powder.