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Rhinitis in the Geriatric Population: Epidemiological and Cytological Aspects
Matteo Gelardi1, Rossana Giancaspro1, Elisa Boni2
1Unit of Otolaryngology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71121 Foggia, Italy.
Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 24, 2025
Summary
Allergic rhinitis (AR) affects older adults more than previously thought, impacting their quality of life. Early diagnosis and tailored treatments, including allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT), are crucial for better geriatric health outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Geriatric Medicine
- Allergology
- Immunology
Background:
- Allergic rhinitis (AR), once considered a childhood illness, is increasingly prevalent in older adults due to longer lifespans and environmental changes.
- Despite declining allergic sensitization with age, AR affects 3-12% of geriatric patients, often leading to underdiagnosis and undertreatment.
- Nonspecific symptoms and overlapping conditions like presbynasalis complicate AR diagnosis in the elderly, impacting their quality of life (QoL).
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the growing prevalence and diagnostic challenges of allergic rhinitis in the geriatric population.
- To emphasize the significant impact of AR on the QoL and respiratory health of older adults.
- To review current and potential management strategies for AR in the elderly, including allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT).
Main Methods:
- Literature review and synthesis of existing studies on allergic rhinitis in older adults.
- Analysis of diagnostic challenges posed by age-related sinonasal changes (presbynasalis) and comorbidities.
- Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapy and AIT in geriatric patients with AR.
Main Results:
- AR prevalence in the elderly is underestimated, with significant negative impacts on QoL and exacerbation of conditions like asthma and COPD.
- Diagnosing AR in older adults is complex due to overlapping conditions such as non-allergic and atrophic rhinitis.
- Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) shows efficacy in elderly patients, reducing symptoms and medication reliance, despite initial safety concerns.
Conclusions:
- Accurate diagnosis and personalized management of AR in older adults are essential for improving QoL and mitigating cognitive and respiratory decline.
- Increased awareness and further research are needed to fully understand AR's impact on geriatric health and optimize treatment outcomes.
- Effective AR management in the elderly requires a comprehensive approach, addressing comorbidities and polypharmacy alongside targeted therapies like AIT.
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