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Relationship Between Social Risk Factors and Emergency Department Use: National Health Interview Survey 2016-2018.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Health Services Research
  • Social Determinants of Health

Background:

  • Social risks are common among patients seeking emergency department (ED) care.
  • Population-level understanding of the link between social factors and ED utilization is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between specific social risk factors and ED utilization in the US adult population.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 2016-2018 National Health Interview Survey data (n=82,364).
  • Examined six social risk factors: economic instability, lack of community, educational deficit, food insecurity, social isolation, and inadequate access to care.
  • Employed logistic regression, adjusting for covariates, to assess the relationship with ED use.

Main Results:

  • 20% of the sample reported at least one ED visit in the prior year.
  • Economic instability, lack of community, educational deficit, food insecurity, and social isolation were significantly associated with higher odds of ED use.
  • Inadequate access to care was associated with lower odds of ED use.

Conclusions:

  • Social risk factors are significantly associated with increased ED utilization among US adults.
  • Integrated interventions addressing social and medical needs are crucial.
  • Further research is needed on preventive medicine's role in reducing unnecessary ED visits.