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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects01:12

Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects

While local anesthetics are generally safe and well-tolerated, they can occasionally cause adverse effects that vary in severity. Local anesthetics can induce toxicity at two distinct levels. They can either produce local effects through direct contact with the neural elements or be absorbed into the bloodstream from the injection site, leading to systemic effects.
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Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are potential complications that arise during pharmacotherapy, influenced by multiple risk factors. Age plays a significant role; both neonates and the elderly are at heightened risk due to their respective immature and diminished metabolic and elimination processes. Gender also impacts ADRs, with females experiencing a 1.5 to 1.7-fold greater risk than males, which may be linked to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and hormonal differences. Notably, neonates, the...
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Drug toxicities can be stratified into pharmacological, pathological, or genotoxic based on their mechanisms. The incidence and severity of these toxicities generally increase with the drug's concentration in the body and exposure time.Pharmacological toxicity is evident when the therapeutic effects of drugs overshoot into adverse reactions in a predictable, dose-dependent manner. Central nervous system (CNS) depression from barbiturates is a classic example, with effects escalating from...
Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios01:26

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Cardiac emergencies are critical situations involving the heart that require immediate medical intervention to prevent severe complications or death. These emergencies often arise from underlying heart conditions that impair the heart's ability to function correctly.Types of Cardiac EmergenciesThe most common types of cardiac emergencies include Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS), myocardial infarction (MI), cardiac arrest, and heart failure.Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)...
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The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
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Methods for ECG Evaluation of Indicators of Cardiac Risk, and Susceptibility to Aconitine-induced Arrhythmias in Rats Following Status Epilepticus
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[Neurological emergencies caused by common medications].

Daniel Kondziella1,2

  • 1Afdeling for Hjerne- og Nervesygdomme, Københavns Universitetshospital - Rigshospitalet.

Ugeskrift for Laeger
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Summary

Serious neurological side effects from medications, though rare, are diverse and affect the entire nervous system. This review details central nervous system (CNS) and oncological drug-induced neurological adverse events.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Neurological side effects of medications are uncommon but present a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations.
  • These effects can impact the entire nervous system, from the brain's cortex to peripheral nerves and muscles.
  • Certain drug classes, particularly those targeting the central nervous system (CNS) and cancer therapies, are associated with a higher risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and categorize the diverse neurological side effects associated with common medications.
  • To highlight the specific risks posed by central nervous system (CNS) medications and oncological therapeutics.
  • To describe the neurological side effects of biologic agents used in cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of literature on drug-induced neurological side effects.
  • Categorization of side effects based on anatomical location and symptomatology.
  • Focused analysis of neurological adverse events from CNS drugs and oncology treatments, including biologics.

Main Results:

  • Neurological side effects manifest across the central and peripheral nervous systems.
  • Central nervous system (CNS) medications and oncological therapeutics are key drug classes associated with these effects.
  • The review details side effects from central to peripheral nervous system structures and discusses emerging concerns with biologics in oncology.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the diverse neurological side effects of medications is crucial for patient safety.
  • Specific drug classes like CNS agents and oncology treatments require careful monitoring for neurological adverse events.
  • Further research into the neurological impact of biologics in oncology is warranted.