Intraoperative consultation for the liver, biliary system, pancreas, duodenum, and spleen

The urologist, when operating transabdominally, may unexpectedly encounter a cystic or solid mass in the liver, a dilated gallbladder or a gallbladder containing stones, or a mass in the pancreas, or may inadvertently injure the duodenum or spleen when mobilizing these organs for a nephrectomy or adrenalectomy. Discussed are some of these common liver, biliary, and pancreatic problems and their management, and the methods of management of duodenal and splenic injuries.