Nanoengineering of Boron-Based Materials for Lithium Batteries: Advances, Challenges, and Prospects

Owing to its electron deficiency, boron opens new nanostructures, enabling material science breakthroughs. Boron-based nanoengineering has become a focus of theoretical research since the discovery of graphene, especially in energy storage structures with extraordinary qualities. The instability of boron nanostructures makes their use in modern battery technologies difficult. New nanoengineering methods are improving the redox kinetics, ion adsorption, and structural stability of boron to solve these challenges. Critical knowledge gaps remain despite these efforts, emphasizing the necessity for a synergistic strategy that integrates theoretical and experimental advances. This review emphasizes boron-based nanoengineering at the forefront of next-generation battery electrode design for transformational Li-ion and Li-S batteries. This work explores novel methods such as boron doping in nanocarbons, surface functionalization, and 3D porous borophene structures to improve the stability and electrochemical performance. Additionally, it critically evaluates the scalability, safety, and robustness of borophene-an emergent 2D material set to change the energy landscape. The present study addresses these difficulties to fill gaps and promote innovative research. Borophene could lead to innovations that could change energy storage and beyond.