CO-OCCURRENCE OF HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME AND HEMORRHAGIC FEVER WITH RENAL SYNDROME

Area of Science:

• Infectious Diseases
• Virology
• Clinical Medicine

Background:

• Hantavirus infections present as Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) or Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS).
• Simultaneous occurrence of both HPS and HFRS is exceptionally rare.

Purpose of the Study:

• To report a unique case of a patient simultaneously exhibiting both HPS and HFRS.
• To emphasize the diagnostic challenges and importance of considering Hantavirus in endemic regions.

Main Methods:

• Clinical case presentation of a 36-year-old male.
• Diagnostic confirmation using Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR).

Main Results:

• The patient presented with fever, thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis, elevated CRP, and acute kidney injury.
• Pneumonia and acute kidney failure developed, consistent with both HPS and HFRS.
• Hantavirus infection was confirmed via RT-PCR, ruling out initial suspicion of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever.

Conclusions:

• Hantavirus infection can manifest with concurrent pulmonary and renal syndromes.
• Early and accurate diagnosis is critical, especially in areas where Hantavirus is endemic.
• Improved diagnostic tools are needed in developing countries for Hantavirus detection.