Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 9, 2025
10:10
Preparation and Culture of Myogenic Precursor Cells/Primary Myoblasts from Skeletal Muscle of Adult and Aged Humans
Published on: February 16, 2017
21.8K
Exercise-induced MyoD mRNA Expression in Young and Older Human Skeletal Muscle: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Andrew Nicholls1, M Brennan Harris2, Luthfia Dewi1,3
1Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Taipei, 11153, Taiwan.
Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)
|May 3, 2025
Summary
Exercise increases MyoD mRNA expression in skeletal muscle, but this response is blunted in adults over 50. Older individuals have higher resting MyoD mRNA levels, suggesting a compensatory mechanism for aging muscle.
Area of Science:
- Exercise physiology
- Molecular biology
- Skeletal muscle biology
Background:
- Myoblast determination protein 1 (MyoD) is a key regulator of myogenesis and muscle growth.
- Understanding exercise-induced MyoD mRNA expression is crucial for muscle health across the lifespan.
- Aging is associated with changes in muscle anabolic signaling and regenerative capacity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and meta-analyze acute exercise-induced MyoD mRNA expression in skeletal muscle.
- To compare MyoD mRNA responses between young and older adults (age > 50).
- To investigate potential age-related differences in basal and exercise-stimulated MyoD mRNA levels.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive literature search was performed for eligible studies.
- Meta-analysis included 50 studies with 822 participants (young: 20-35 years; older: 53-85 years).
- Muscle biopsies were analyzed for MyoD mRNA changes within 48 hours post-exercise.
Main Results:
- Exercise significantly increased MyoD mRNA expression 3-12 hours post-exercise, returning towards baseline by 24-48 hours.
- Older adults exhibited a similar temporal pattern but a weaker MyoD mRNA response compared to younger adults.
- Resting MyoD mRNA levels were significantly higher in older individuals than in younger individuals.
Conclusions:
- Exercise-induced MyoD mRNA increase is blunted in adults over 50.
- Elevated basal MyoD mRNA in older adults may represent a compensatory response to aging muscle's catabolic state.
- Age and sex, influenced by hormones like insulin and sex hormones, impact exercise-induced MyoD mRNA expression.
Related Concept Videos
01:21Satellite Stem Cells and Muscular Dystrophy
1.9K
Satellite stem cells or myosatellite cells are quiescent stem cells that Alexander Mauro first identified in 1961. These cells are located between the sarcolemma, the plasma membrane of muscle fibers, and the basal lamina, the connective tissue sheath covering it. These mononucleated cells are activated in response to muscle injury, can transform into myoblasts, and may form or repair muscle fibers. Myosatellite cells can provide additional myonuclei for muscle regeneration or return to a...
1.9K
01:13Formation of Muscle Fibers from Myoblasts
3.7K
De novo myogenesis, or the formation of muscle fibers, begins during the early embryonic stages. The skeletal muscle is formed from somites– blocks of embryonic cell layers. The somites are further divided into dermatomes, myotomes, sclerotomes, and syndetomes. Among these, the myotomes give rise to muscle fibers.
Muscle progenitor cells (MPCs) are formed from the myotomes. MPCs express genes that encode the transcription factors Pax3 and Pax7. Along with Pax 3/7, other transcription...
Muscle progenitor cells (MPCs) are formed from the myotomes. MPCs express genes that encode the transcription factors Pax3 and Pax7. Along with Pax 3/7, other transcription...
3.7K
02:23Master Transcription Regulators
6.7K
Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
6.7K