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Published on: October 15, 2021
Preterm Hemorrhagic Brain Injury: Recent Advances on Evaluation and Management
Rhandi Christensen1, Mehmet N Cizmeci2, Linda S de Vries3
1Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 175 Elizabeth Street, Room 18-14-053, Toronto, ON M5G 2G3, Canada.
None:
Preterm infants are at risk for germinal matrix hemorrhage and intraventricular hemorrhage (GMH-IVH), which can evolve into posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation (PHVD) and periventricular hemorrhagic infarction. In this review, we provide an overview of the pathophysiology and presentation of the patterns of preterm hemorrhagic brain injury and provide recommendations for evaluation and management. Cranial ultrasound is the preferred neuroimaging modality to screen for and monitor the progression of GMH-IVH, and optimal scanning timing is reviewed. Key strategies for management are presented and emerging therapies for PHVD management are reviewed. We conclude by discussing the neurodevelopmental outcome trajectories.
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