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Related Concept Videos

Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

195
Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic...
195

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Updated: May 13, 2025

Non-Invasive Modulation and Robotic Mapping of Motor Cortex in the Developing Brain
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Noninvasive Brain Stimulation for Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Systematic Review.

Sergi López-Rodríguez1, David R A Coelho1, Christian Renet1

  • 1Division of Neuropsychiatry and Neuromodulation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (López-Rodríguez, Coelho, Renet, Vieira, Cassano, Camprodon); Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (López-Rodríguez); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Coelho, Vieira, Cassano, Camprodon); Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Renet); Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, N.Y. (Tural).

The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences
|May 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) shows promise for treating attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms. Further research is needed to confirm efficacy and safety for neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs).

Keywords:
Autism Spectrum DisorderNeurodevelopmental DisordersNon-Invasive Brain StimulationTranscranial Direct Current StimulationTranscranial Magnetic StimulationTranscranial Photobiomodulation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) encompass a range of conditions impacting brain development, leading to cognitive, social, and behavioral impairments.
  • Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques offer potential therapeutic avenues for NDDs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the literature on the efficacy and safety of NIBS in NDDs.
  • To evaluate randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), and transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) for NDDs.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted across major databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, PsycInfo, Scopus).
  • PRISMA guidelines and a registered protocol were followed to identify 23 relevant double-blind, sham-controlled RCTs.
  • Studies focused on conditions including attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and dyslexia.

Main Results:

  • TMS demonstrated potential for improving hyperactivity, inattention, and working memory in ADHD, with outcomes varying by coil type and stimulation site.
  • tDCS showed promise for enhancing inattention and executive function in ADHD but had limited effects on ASD and dyslexia symptom severity.
  • Transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) specifically reduced irritability in ASD.
  • Adverse effects were generally mild and transient, but isolated seizure events underscore safety considerations, particularly in NDDs with epilepsy comorbidities.

Conclusions:

  • Certain NIBS protocols show potential therapeutic benefits for specific NDD symptoms.
  • High variability in study methodologies, small sample sizes, and potential bias necessitate further rigorous research.
  • Clarifying the therapeutic efficacy and safety profile of NIBS in NDD populations requires continued investigation.