Mitigating Carrier and Energy Losses via Interface Modulator Toward High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells

Interface engineering has become the main force in reforming the photogenerated carrier and energy losses in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, a multifaceted hole-selective molecule C-DPT, is designed and synthesized with methoxy-triphenylamine-carbazole and diphenyl-triazine units, which is employed as the interface modulator between perovskite and hole transport layer. The introduction of C-DPT endows the perovskite/hole transport layer heterojunction with a more flat physical contact, lower trap density, and faster hole extraction. The combined theoretical and experimental results decipher that C-DPT possessing the compatible contact and favorable perovskite binding ability can efficiently boost the interfacial defect restoration, compensate the interfacial energetic offset, and promote the interfacial carrier transportation. As a result, C-DPT-modified PSC delivers a champion power conversion efficiency of 24.02% in conjunction with the pronouncedly improved long-term ambient, thermal, and humidity stability.