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Related Concept Videos

Riboswitches01:56

Riboswitches

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Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
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RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
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Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
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Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
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Updated: Jun 13, 2025

Methylated RNA Immunoprecipitation Assay to Study m5C Modification in Arabidopsis
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Epitranscriptomic modifications in plant RNAs.

Susheel S Bhat1, Michel Paul1, Brian D Gregory1

  • 1Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

RNA Biology
|June 4, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plant epitranscriptomics research is expanding beyond the well-studied m6A modification. This review highlights recent advances in understanding non-m6A RNA modifications, particularly in functional non-coding RNAs.

Keywords:
RNA biologyRNA degradationRNA modificationsRNA stabilityepitranscriptomeplant RNA biology

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • RNA modifications, chemical additions to RNA nucleotides, influence crucial plant processes like growth and stress response.
  • The field of epitranscriptomics, studying RNA modifications, has historically focused on N6-methyladenosine (m6A) in messenger RNAs (mRNAs).
  • Modifications other than m6A have been understudied due to technical challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of non-m6A RNA modification research in plants.
  • To focus on modifications within functional non-coding RNAs, contrasting them with those in mRNAs.
  • To highlight recent advancements and emerging trends in plant epitranscriptomics.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on plant RNA modifications.
  • Analysis of emerging tools and techniques for studying RNA modifications.
  • Comparative analysis of modifications in non-coding RNAs versus mRNAs.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress has been made in identifying and characterizing non-m6A RNA modifications in plants.
  • Novel tools are enhancing the study of these modifications, expanding the field.
  • Research is increasingly focusing on the roles of these modifications in functional non-coding RNAs.

Conclusions:

  • The landscape of plant epitranscriptomics is rapidly evolving, with a growing emphasis on non-m6A modifications.
  • Understanding these modifications, especially in non-coding RNAs, is crucial for deciphering complex plant biology.
  • Continued research and technological development promise further breakthroughs in this field.