Optic Neuritis As the Initial Presentation of Syphilis.

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Infectious Diseases
• Neurology

Background:

• Syphilis, a sexually transmitted infection, can spread systemically, affecting various organs.
• Ocular syphilis is a rare but severe manifestation, potentially leading to significant vision loss.

Observation:

• A 41-year-old woman presented with blurred vision and ocular discomfort in her left eye.
• Clinical examination revealed decreased visual acuity and optic disc swelling, suggestive of optic neuritis.

Findings:

• Magnetic resonance imaging supported the diagnosis of optic neuritis.
• A comprehensive diagnostic workup, including nontreponemal and treponemal tests, confirmed ocular syphilis.
• The patient received ceftriaxone treatment.

Implications:

• This case highlights the importance of considering ocular syphilis in the differential diagnosis of optic neuritis.
• Early detection and appropriate antibiotic therapy, such as ceftriaxone, are crucial for successful visual recovery.
• Increased awareness among clinicians can improve patient outcomes for this serious condition.