Equine MicroRNAs: Performance, Reproduction, and Disease

Area of Science:

• Equine Science
• Molecular Biology
• Biotechnology

Background:

• MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally.
• They play critical roles in fundamental biological processes including growth, metabolism, and muscle development.
• miRNA research is increasingly vital in livestock, offering avenues for enhancing animal health and productivity.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the multifaceted roles of miRNAs in equine performance, reproduction, and disease.
• To highlight current findings and future applications of miRNA research in equine science.
• To explore the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of miRNAs in horses.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on studies investigating miRNA functions in equines.
• Analysis of research on circulating miRNAs (ci-miRNAs) as biomarkers for athletic performance.
• Examination of studies on miRNAs related to equine reproductive health and common diseases.

Main Results:

• Circulating miRNAs show promise as biomarkers for monitoring equine athletic performance and recovery from exercise.
• Specific miRNAs are implicated in equine reproductive conditions like endometritis, oocyte maturation, and embryo development.
• miRNAs are emerging as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis and treatment strategies for equine osteoarthritis and sarcoids.

Conclusions:

• miRNAs offer significant potential for improving equine health management through non-invasive diagnostics.
• Understanding miRNA profiles can lead to personalized therapeutic approaches for various equine conditions.
• Further research into equine miRNAs is crucial for unlocking their full potential in veterinary medicine and breeding.