Advances in preparation techniques and antimicrobial properties of Aloe vera extract

Aloe vera has a long history of use in traditional medicine for its diverse medicinal properties, especially its antibacterial effects. This review comprehensively analyzes various extraction techniques of A. vera, including traditional hand-filleted processing, whole leaves processing, and modern methods like hot water extraction, centrifugation-based gel extraction, freeze-drying, and solvent extraction. The chemical composition of A. vera, such as anthraquinones, saponins, and polysaccharides, is closely related to its antibacterial and other medicinal activities. However, issues like lack of standardization in extraction procedures, unclear optimal dosage for antibacterial activity, and limited knowledge about its stability and shelf life still exist. Future research should focus on isolating pure chemical constituents, evaluating their bioactivity, and conducting more human clinical trials. By addressing these challenges, A. vera could be better utilized in clinical and commercial applications, especially in combating bacterial resistance.