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Whole heart perfusion with high-multiband Simultaneous Multislice Imaging via Linear phase modulated Extended field
Shen Zhao1,2, Junyu Wang1, Xitong Wang1,2
1Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
|June 23, 2025
Summary
This study introduces Simultaneous Multislice Imaging via Linear phase modulated Extended field of view (SMILE) for cardiac MRI. SMILE improves first-pass perfusion imaging quality at high acceleration rates.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Medical Imaging Techniques
- Image Reconstruction Algorithms
Background:
- Simultaneous multislice (SMS) imaging accelerates MRI acquisition by exciting and acquiring multiple slices concurrently.
- First-pass perfusion imaging is crucial for diagnosing myocardial ischemia, but often requires long acquisition times.
- Existing SMS techniques can suffer from slice leakage and limited coverage, particularly at high acceleration factors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and validate a novel SMS first-pass perfusion technique for whole-heart coverage.
- To achieve high multi-band (MB) factors and acceleration rates while mitigating slice leakage.
- To enhance the efficiency and diagnostic capability of cardiac MRI perfusion studies.
Main Methods:
- The proposed Simultaneous Multislice Imaging via Linear phase modulated Extended field of view (SMILE) technique integrates SMS acquisition and reconstruction within an extended field of view framework.
- SMILE allows for arbitrary undersampling of phase encoding lines in the extended k-space, enabling direct application of 2D parallel imaging reconstruction.
- Retrospective (n=28) and prospective (n=43) studies compared SMILE (MB factors 3-5, R=8-10) against conventional SMS methods (2D CAIPI, split-slice GRAPPA, ROCK-SPIRiT).
Main Results:
- Retrospective analyses showed SMILE improved signal-to-error ratio (SER) by 5.2 to 8.0 dB compared to CAIPI perfusion.
- Prospective studies demonstrated good image quality with mean Likert scale scores of 4.1 ± 0.7 (MB=3, R=8) and 3.5 ± 1.0 (MB=5, R=10).
- SMILE effectively achieved whole-heart coverage with high acceleration rates and MB factors.
Conclusions:
- Theoretical framework and experimental results confirm SMILE's superior performance in first-pass myocardial perfusion imaging.
- SMILE offers significant advantages over existing 2D CAIPI SMS techniques, especially at high acceleration and MB factors.
- This technique holds promise for improving the clinical utility of cardiac MRI perfusion assessments.
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