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Related Concept Videos

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias01:18

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

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Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
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ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

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Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
173
Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias01:29

Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias

129
Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are irregular heart rhythms that result from abnormal electrical activity in the heart, affecting its ability to circulate blood efficiently. Tachyarrhythmias, a subset of dysrhythmias, are characterized by abnormally fast heart rates exceeding 100 beats per minute. Here are some types of tachyarrhythmias with their distinct ECG features:Sinus Tachycardia:Sinus tachycardia presents a regular heart rhythm with an increased rate of 101-180 beats per...
129
Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class I Agents as Sodium Channel Blockers01:22

Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class I Agents as Sodium Channel Blockers

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Class I antiarrhythmic drugs are used to treat various types of arrhythmias or irregular heart rhythms. These drugs block the sodium (Na+) channels in the cardiac cells, thereby affecting the movement of electrical impulses across the heart. Class I antiarrhythmic drugs are divided into three subgroups: Class IA, Class IB, and Class IC, each with distinct mechanisms of action and effects on the heart.
Class 1A Antiarrhythmic Drugs: These drugs work by moderately blocking sodium channels,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 18, 2025

Optimization of Transesophageal Atrial Pacing to Assess Atrial Fibrillation Susceptibility in Mice
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Reversible high-grade AV block in a patient with scrub typhus.

Puneet Gupta1, Anil Kumar Yadav1, Anunay Gupta1

  • 1Cardiology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, Delhi, India.

BMJ Case Reports
|June 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Scrub typhus can cause severe heart problems like complete heart block. Prompt treatment with doxycycline and a pacemaker resolved symptoms and restored normal heart function in this case.

Keywords:
ArrhythmiasCardiovascular systemInfectionsPacing and electrophysiology

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Febrile illnesses can present with diverse symptoms.
  • Cardiac conduction abnormalities require thorough etiological investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of scrub typhus presenting with complete heart block.
  • To emphasize the importance of considering scrub typhus in febrile illnesses with cardiac involvement.

Main Methods:

  • Case presentation of a man in his late 30s.
  • Clinical examination, ECG, and laboratory tests including cardiac markers.
  • Management with temporary transvenous pacemaker and intravenous doxycycline.

Main Results:

  • Patient presented with prolonged fever, syncope, hypotension, bradycardia, and thigh eschars.
  • ECG revealed complete heart block with a wide QRS escape rhythm.
  • Diagnosis of scrub typhus confirmed with elevated cardiac markers.
  • Symptoms resolved rapidly, and cardiac conduction normalized within 48 hours of treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Scrub typhus should be considered in the differential diagnosis of febrile illnesses with conduction abnormalities.
  • Early diagnosis and appropriate management of scrub typhus can prevent severe cardiac complications.
  • This case underscores the potential cardiac manifestations of scrub typhus, particularly in endemic regions.