Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Muscles that Move the Leg01:23

Muscles that Move the Leg

2.9K
The movement of the legs is facilitated by numerous muscles located within the anterior, medial, and posterior compartments of the thigh.
Anterior Compartment
The quadriceps femoris, the most visible muscle of the anterior compartment, is integral for leg extension and thigh flexion. It is formed by merging four distinct muscles — the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and rectus femoris. The quadriceps tendon, a shared tendon of the four quadriceps muscles, is affixed...
2.9K
Central-Force Motion01:17

Central-Force Motion

341
The central force system operates by exerting a force on an object directed towards a fixed point, typically the origin, with the force magnitude determined by the object's distance from this fixed point. In the context of an object with mass 'm,' polar coordinates are employed to express the equation of motion. Notably, the azimuthal component of force is nonexistent in this system. A comprehensive rewrite and integration of this equation reveal that the product of the squared...
341
Indirect Motor Pathways01:22

Indirect Motor Pathways

1.8K
The indirect motor or extrapyramidal pathways originate in the brainstem, the lower portion of the brain that connects it to the spinal cord. They consist of several distinct tracts, each with specialized functions. The four main tracts of the indirect motor pathways are the vestibulospinal tract, the reticulospinal tract, the tectospinal tract, and the rubrospinal tract.
The vestibulospinal tract originates in the vestibular nuclei of the brainstem. The vestibular system detects changes in...
1.8K
Direct Motor Pathways01:11

Direct Motor Pathways

2.5K
The direct motor pathways, also known as the pyramidal tracts, are a group of neural pathways that originate in the brain and descend through the spinal cord. They control the voluntary movement of the body. There are two major direct motor pathways: the corticospinal and the corticobulbar tracts.
The corticospinal tract is responsible for the voluntary movement of the limbs and trunk. It originates in the cerebral cortex of the brain and descends through the cerebrum's internal capsule and...
2.5K
Planar Rigid-Body Motion01:22

Planar Rigid-Body Motion

562
Understanding the movement of a rigid body in planar motion involves recognizing that every particle within this body is traversing a path that maintains a consistent distance from a specific plane. This concept is fundamental in the study of physics and mechanical engineering, and it allows us to comprehend better how objects move in space.
Planar motion is typically divided into three distinct categories. The first is rectilinear translation, demonstrated by a subway train that moves along...
562
One-Degree-of-Freedom System01:24

One-Degree-of-Freedom System

563
In mechanical engineering, one-degree-of-freedom systems form the basis of a wide range of electrical and mechanical components. Using these models, engineers can predict the behavior of various parts in a larger system, which gives them insight into how different forces interact with each other.
A one-degree-of-freedom system is defined by an independent variable that determines its state and behavior. One example of a one-degree-of-freedom system is a simple harmonic oscillator, such as a...
563

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Integrating stent design and microstructural characterization to improve clinical outcomes of bioresorbable stents.

Materials & design·2026
Same author

Simulation Approach for Hydrophobicity Replication via Injection Molding.

Polymers·2021
Same author

Time-Dependent Mechanical Properties in Polyetherimide 3D-Printed Parts Are Dictated by Isotropic Performance Being Accurately Predicted by the Generalized Time Hardening Model.

Polymers·2020
Same author

Evolutionary Spiking Neural Networks for Solving Supervised Classification Problems.

Computational intelligence and neuroscience·2019
Same author

Mechanical Design and Assessment of a Low-Cost 7-DOF Prosthetic Arm for Shoulder Disarticulation.

Applied bionics and biomechanics·2018
Same author

Multi Jet Fusion PA12 Manufacturing Parameters for Watertightness, Strength and Tolerances.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)·2018
Same journal

Multiphysics Investigation on Thermal Characteristics of Internal Bio-Inspired V-Ribbed Cooling Channels for Outer Rotor PMSM.

Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Smart Logistics Model for Supply Chain Management via Brain-Inspired Geometric Deep Networks.

Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

A Systematic Taxonomy of the Sunflower Optimization Algorithm: Variants, Hybridization Strategies, Applications, and Research Directions.

Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Toward a Compositional Theory of Trust in Embodied Intelligence: A QNLP Framework for Modeling Context, Interaction, and Trustworthiness.

Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Empirical Logic for Bio-Inspired Soft Computing: Illustrative Applications in Control Engineering and Cluster Analysis.

Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

A Modified Multi-Strategy Dhole Optimization Algorithm and Its Engineering Applications.

Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 18, 2025

Studying the Neural Basis of Adaptive Locomotor Behavior in Insects
10:19

Studying the Neural Basis of Adaptive Locomotor Behavior in Insects

Published on: April 13, 2011

13.0K

Enhancing Legged Robot Locomotion Through Smooth Transitions Using Spiking Central Pattern Generators.

Horacio Rostro-Gonzalez1,2, Erick I Guerra-Hernandez3, Patricia Batres-Mendoza3

  • 1GEPI Research Group, IQS-School of Engineering, Ramon Llull University, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain.

Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel method for seamless gait transitions in hexapod robots using spiking neural networks (SNNs). The system ensures stable, efficient locomotion across varied terrains by dynamically adjusting movement patterns.

Keywords:
Central Pattern Generatorsgait transitionslegged robotslomocotionspiking neurons

More Related Videos

Engineering Platform and Experimental Protocol for Design and Evaluation of a Neurally-controlled Powered Transfemoral Prosthesis
11:16

Engineering Platform and Experimental Protocol for Design and Evaluation of a Neurally-controlled Powered Transfemoral Prosthesis

Published on: July 22, 2014

16.4K
Fully Automated Leg Tracking in Freely Moving Insects using Feature Learning Leg Segmentation and Tracking FLLIT
08:04

Fully Automated Leg Tracking in Freely Moving Insects using Feature Learning Leg Segmentation and Tracking FLLIT

Published on: April 23, 2020

6.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 18, 2025

Studying the Neural Basis of Adaptive Locomotor Behavior in Insects
10:19

Studying the Neural Basis of Adaptive Locomotor Behavior in Insects

Published on: April 13, 2011

13.0K
Engineering Platform and Experimental Protocol for Design and Evaluation of a Neurally-controlled Powered Transfemoral Prosthesis
11:16

Engineering Platform and Experimental Protocol for Design and Evaluation of a Neurally-controlled Powered Transfemoral Prosthesis

Published on: July 22, 2014

16.4K
Fully Automated Leg Tracking in Freely Moving Insects using Feature Learning Leg Segmentation and Tracking FLLIT
08:04

Fully Automated Leg Tracking in Freely Moving Insects using Feature Learning Leg Segmentation and Tracking FLLIT

Published on: April 23, 2020

6.9K

Area of Science:

  • Robotics
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Control Systems

Background:

  • Legged robots require adaptable locomotion for diverse environments.
  • Smooth transitions between gaits are crucial for stability and energy efficiency.
  • Spiking neural networks (SNNs) offer bio-inspired control for complex behaviors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a mechanism for smooth, imperceptible gait transitions in a hexapod robot.
  • To maintain robot balance and improve energy efficiency during locomotion pattern changes.
  • To enable dynamic, terrain-adaptive gait selection.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a spiking neural network (SNN) as a Central Pattern Generator (CPG) for walk, jog, and run gaits.
  • Employed SPIKE-synchronization metric to determine optimal gait transition points.
  • Integrated FSR sensors to detect terrain rigidity for dynamic gait adjustments.
  • Implemented real-time testing on a physical hexapod robot across four terrain types.

Main Results:

  • Successfully demonstrated smooth and stable transitions between walking, jogging, and running gaits.
  • Achieved near-imperceptible gait changes, enhancing overall locomotion fluidity.
  • Showcased improved energy efficiency by minimizing abrupt actuator movements.
  • Validated the system's adaptability to different terrains through real-time experiments.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed SNN-based CPG with SPIKE-synchronization enables robust and efficient gait transitions in hexapod robots.
  • The system's ability to adapt to terrain rigidity enhances its practical applicability.
  • The methodology is extensible to other legged robotic platforms for advanced locomotion control.