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Novel Biomarkers for SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Sara Weronika Snopkowska Lesniak1, Diego Maschio1, Fernando Neria2

  • 1Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de Mostoles, 28935 Madrid, Spain.

Journal of Personalized Medicine
|June 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Novel biomarkers like MR-proADM, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and KL-6 effectively predict COVID-19 severity and mortality. These key indicators can significantly improve clinical decision-making for patient management.

Keywords:
COVID-19KL-6MR-proADMSARS-CoV-2biomarkers

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Area of Science:

  • Biomarkers and Diagnostics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Medical Prognostics

Background:

  • COVID-19 presents a significant global health challenge, requiring reliable prognostic biomarkers.
  • Accurate prediction of disease severity and mortality is crucial for effective patient management.
  • Novel biomarkers are being investigated to improve prognostic capabilities for COVID-19.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze the prognostic value of novel biomarkers in COVID-19 patients.
  • To identify and prioritize the most prognostically relevant biomarkers for COVID-19 outcomes.
  • To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of selected biomarkers for predicting severe disease and mortality.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies comparing poor and good COVID-19 outcomes.
  • Searched PubMed and Web of Science for studies on COVID-19 biomarkers.
  • Calculated pooled sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curves.

Main Results:

  • MR-proADM demonstrated strong prediction for poor outcomes (SMD=1.40, AUC 0.74-0.96).
  • Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) showed high correlation with disease severity (SMD=1.07, AUC 0.73-0.98).
  • Elevated KL-6 levels were associated with lung injury (SMD=1.22, AUC 0.85-0.95).

Conclusions:

  • MR-proADM, NLR, and KL-6 exhibit significant prognostic value for COVID-19 severity and mortality.
  • These biomarkers can enhance clinical decision-making and patient management strategies.
  • Further research is needed for other promising biomarkers with limited data.