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Immunotherapy Complications: Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

Alexa S Meara1, Jaclyn P Zois2, Jason J Bischof2

  • 1Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.

Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America
|July 3, 2025
PubMed

Immunotherapy is rapidly expanding to include a growing list of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and indications for their use in the growing population of patients with cancer. Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are common in patients receiving ICI therapy and greatly varied, affecting most organ systems. This diversity of symptoms that often mimic other disease processes and variable timeline of onset poses a particular challenge to emergency physicians in the acute care setting. This article presents a detailed overview of irAEs evaluation and management by organ system.

Keywords:
Acute careEmergency departmentImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI)Immune-related adverse events (irAEs)

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