Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

16.1K
Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
16.1K
Transposons01:24

Transposons

171
Transposons, or "jumping genes," are small mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that range from 700 to 40,000 base pairs in length. They are found in all organisms and can move within the same chromosome or transfer to different chromosomes. In some cases, transposons can also jump between different host DNA molecules, such as plasmids or viruses, contributing to genetic variability.Barbara McClintock first discovered these mobile genetic elements in the 1940s while studying maize genetics, and she...
171
¹H NMR: Pople Notation01:09

¹H NMR: Pople Notation

1.9K
The Pople nomenclature system classifies spin systems based on the difference between their chemical shifts. Coupled spins are denoted by capital letters with subscripts indicating the number of equivalent nuclei. When the coupled nuclei have well-separated chemical shifts, they are assigned letters that are far apart in the alphabet, such as A and X. When the difference in chemical shifts is small, coupled nuclei are named using adjacent letters of the alphabet (AB, MN, or XY).
A proton...
1.9K
Forced Transdifferentiation01:28

Forced Transdifferentiation

2.0K
Transdifferentiation, also known as lineage reprogramming, was first discovered by Selman and Kafatos in 1974 in silkmoths. They observed that the moths’ cuticle-producing cells transformed into salt-producing cells. Many such cases of natural transdifferentiation occur in organisms. In humans, pancreatic alpha cells can become beta cells. In newts, the loss of the eye’s lens causes the pigmented epithelial cells to transdifferentiate into the lens cells.
Artificial...
2.0K
DNA-only Transposons02:57

DNA-only Transposons

14.8K
DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
14.8K
LTR Retrotransposons03:08

LTR Retrotransposons

17.9K
LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
17.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Examining the Serial Advantage in Fluent and Dysfluent Readers.

Dyslexia (Chichester, England)·2026
Same author

Children's visual word recognition is hampered by adjacent stimuli.

Cognition·2026
Same author

Wave 2 of the Multilingual Eye-Movement Corpus (MECO): New text reading data across languages.

Scientific data·2025
Same author

Dynamic adjustment of the eye-voice span and articulation duration in the course of multi-item naming tasks: Evidence for lockout scheduling.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2025
Same author

Between-word processing and text-level skills contributing to fluent reading of (non)word lists and text.

Reading and writing·2025
Same author

Cognitive control beyond single-item tasks: Insights from pupillometry, gaze, and behavioral measures.

Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance·2023
Same journal

EXPRESS: When illusion rivals reality. Investigating error detection and the role of working memory resources in the Vanishing Ball Illusion.

Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)·2026
Same journal

EXPRESS: Metaphors and the Body: Perceived Locations for the Self are Influenced by Conceptual Metaphor.

Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)·2026
Same journal

EXPRESS: Age-related Differences in Recognition Memory for Discourse: The Case of Modified Words, Competitors, and Related Lures.

Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)·2026
Same journal

EXPRESS: Exaggerated Self-Referencing in Body Dysmorphic Disorder.

Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)·2026
Same journal

EXPRESS: Post-Error Adjustments: The role of Response Stimulus Intervals and error placement.

Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)·2026
Same journal

Mitigating the Low Prevalence Effect: Role of Removing Explicit "Target-Absent" Responses in Visual Search.

Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 15, 2025

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition
12:49

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition

Published on: July 13, 2019

17.3K

Transposed-letter effects in processing morphologically complex Greek words.

Sofia Loui1, Athanassios Protopapas2,3

  • 1Department of History & Philosophy of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografos, Greece.

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology (2006)
|July 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study investigated how the brain processes Greek words with suffixes. Findings reveal that word structure is recognized early in visual processing, impacting how readers understand complex words.

Keywords:
GreekTransposed lettersmasked primingmorphological processingorthographysuffixed words

More Related Videos

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment
06:48

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: June 25, 2019

9.3K
Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology
05:38

Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology

Published on: June 29, 2021

2.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 15, 2025

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition
12:49

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition

Published on: July 13, 2019

17.3K
Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment
06:48

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: June 25, 2019

9.3K
Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology
05:38

Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology

Published on: June 29, 2021

2.5K

Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Understanding how readers process morphologically complex words is crucial for models of visual word recognition.
  • The role of morphological structure in early visual processing remains debated, particularly in morphologically rich languages like Greek.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the timing of morphological structure access during visual word recognition in Greek.
  • To determine if orthographic processing, specifically transposed-letter effects, interacts with morphological decomposition.

Main Methods:

  • A masked priming lexical decision experiment was employed.
  • The transposed-letter (TL) paradigm was combined with morphological priming to assess word recognition.
  • Greek suffixed words were used as target stimuli, with transpositions manipulated at different positions relative to morpheme boundaries.

Main Results:

  • Greek readers recognized morphologically complex words even when morphemes were disrupted by transposed letters.
  • Transposed-letter primes caused significantly less priming compared to intact morphological primes.
  • Processing costs from transpositions were similar regardless of whether they occurred within a morpheme, at a morpheme edge, or across morpheme boundaries.

Conclusions:

  • Morphological structure is accessed early in visual word recognition, interacting with orthographic processing.
  • The findings support a morphological decomposition process for complex words in Greek.
  • Early access to morphemic structure is critical for efficient visual word recognition in morphologically rich languages.