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Related Concept Videos

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Repressed memories are a psychological phenomenon where memories of traumatic events are unconsciously blocked from a person's awareness. This process occurs as a defense mechanism, protecting the mind from the emotional impact of distressing or painful experiences. For example, a person who has experienced childhood trauma may grow up with no conscious recollection of the event. In such cases, the memories are thought to be buried deep within the subconscious, inaccessible to the conscious...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 15, 2025

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Do expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal affect memory?

Katharine H Greenaway1, Sylvia C Lin1, Sarah T O'Brien1

  • 1Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne.

Emotion (Washington, D.C.)
|July 17, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Expressive suppression of negative emotion impaired verbal memory, but cognitive reappraisal showed no consistent effect on memory. These findings challenge widely accepted ideas in emotion regulation research.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Emotion Regulation

Background:

  • A prevalent theory suggests cognitive reappraisal enhances or has no effect on memory, while expressive suppression impairs it.
  • Empirical evidence supporting these emotion regulation effects on memory has been inconsistent, necessitating further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To definitively test the effects of expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal on memory.
  • To examine the impact of regulating both negative and positive emotions on verbal and nonverbal memory recall.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted four large-scale experiments with over 4,000 participants.
  • Investigated the effects of expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal strategies on memory performance.
  • Assessed both verbal and nonverbal memory recall following emotion regulation tasks.

Main Results:

  • No consistent evidence was found for cognitive reappraisal affecting memory.
  • Expressive suppression of negative emotion consistently impaired verbal memory compared to control conditions.
  • Observed effect sizes were small, despite successful emotion regulation and high statistical power.

Conclusions:

  • The findings challenge the widely accepted notion that cognitive reappraisal benefits memory.
  • Expressive suppression of negative emotions appears to impair verbal memory, though with a small effect size.
  • Results are limited to English-speaking online samples and may not generalize to other memory types.