Targeting Cellular Senescence: Pathophysiology in Multisystem Age-Related Diseases

Area of Science:

• Gerontology and Cellular Biology
• Pathophysiology of Aging
• Molecular Mechanisms of Disease

Background:

• Global aging population increases age-related diseases.
• Cellular senescence is a key driver of these conditions.
• Senescence involves cell cycle arrest and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP).

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the pathological mechanisms of cellular senescence in aging.
• To summarize current and emerging intervention strategies.
• To highlight areas for future research in senescence targeting.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of cellular senescence and age-related diseases.
• Analysis of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) roles.
• Evaluation of intervention strategies including exercise, caloric restriction, senolytics, and senomorphs.

Main Results:

• Cellular senescence contributes to cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and musculoskeletal disorders.
• SASP releases factors that disrupt tissue homeostasis.
• Senolytics (e.g., dasatinib and quercetin) and senomorphs are potential interventions.

Conclusions:

• Cellular senescence is a fundamental mechanism in aging and associated diseases.
• Targeting senescence offers a pathway for precision medicine.
• Further research on tissue-specific mechanisms and clinical translation is crucial.