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Does tDCS Enhance Complex Motor Skill Acquisition? Evidence from a Golf-Putting Task.

Virginia Lopez-Alonso1,2, Gabriel López-Bermúdez2,3, Jeffrey Cayaban Pagaduan4

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Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) did not enhance learning complex motor skills like golf-putting in novices. Performance improved regardless of stimulation site or condition.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Motor Learning
  • Sports Science

Background:

  • Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is known to modulate cortical excitability.
  • tDCS has shown efficacy in improving motor learning for simpler tasks.
  • Its effect on complex motor skill acquisition remains less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of tDCS on the learning of a complex motor task (golf-putting).
  • To compare the effects of different tDCS montages (M1, PFC) versus sham stimulation.
  • To assess both online and offline learning effects.

Main Methods:

  • Forty novice golfers participated in the study.
  • Subjects were randomly assigned to four groups: sham, anodal M1, anodal PFC, or cathodal PFC tDCS.
  • Participants completed two sessions of golf-putting practice with tDCS, followed by a retention test 24 hours later.

Main Results:

  • Significant performance improvements were observed in golf-putting across all groups.
  • No statistically significant differences in learning were found between the different tDCS conditions and the sham group.
  • tDCS did not provide additional benefits for motor skill acquisition in this complex task.

Conclusions:

  • tDCS applied over the motor cortex (M1) or prefrontal cortex (PFC) does not enhance the acquisition of complex, full-body motor skills.
  • Novice golfers improve performance in tasks like golf-putting irrespective of tDCS intervention.
  • Further research may be needed to explore tDCS effects on different populations or more specific aspects of motor learning.