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Related Concept Videos

Extracellular Matrix01:26

Extracellular Matrix

3.3K
Unlike epithelial tissue, which is composed of cells closely packed with little or no extracellular space in between, connective tissue cells are dispersed in a matrix. This extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed of fibrous proteins like collagen, elastin, and fibronectin in a ground substance consisting of interstitial fluid, cell adhesion proteins, and proteoglycans. The proteoglycans form a gel-like material in the spaces between cells and provide hydration, buffering, binding, and force...
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The Extracellular Matrix01:29

The Extracellular Matrix

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Overview
In order to maintain tissue organization, many animal cells are surrounded by structural molecules that make up the extracellular matrix (ECM). Together, the molecules in the ECM maintain the structural integrity of tissue as well as the remarkable specific properties of certain tissues.
Composition of the Extracellular Matrix
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is commonly composed of ground substance, a gel-like fluid, fibrous components, and many structurally and functionally diverse...
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Type IV Collagen of Basal Lamina01:05

Type IV Collagen of Basal Lamina

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Type IV collagen is a 400 nm long, network-forming collagen that acts as a barrier between the epithelial and endothelial cells. Type IV collagen  forms the backbone of the basement membrane by scaffolding with laminin, entactin, proteoglycans, and fibronectin. Apart from rendering structural support to the basement membrane, it also helps entail signaling potentials necessary for both pathological and physiological functions.
A type IV collagen molecule has six alpha chains which can...
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Matrix Proteoglycans and Glycoproteins01:21

Matrix Proteoglycans and Glycoproteins

4.1K
Proteoglycans are extensively glycosylated proteins, commonly found in the extracellular matrix, interwoven with collagen fibers. Hyaline cartilage, the most common type of cartilage in the body, consists of short and dispersed collagen fibers associated with large amounts of proteoglycans. These proteoglycans have long negative charges that attract cations, which in turn attract water molecules. This influx of ions and water molecules swells up the proteoglycan like a water-soaked gel that can...
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Cell-matrix's Response to Mechanical Forces01:13

Cell-matrix's Response to Mechanical Forces

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In animal cells, the extracellular matrix allows cells within tissues to withstand external stresses and transmits signals from the outside of the cell to the inside. The extracellular matrix is extensive, and its composition varies between different types of tissues. For example, the reticular fibers and ground substance make up the ECM in loose connective tissue, while collagen and bone minerals make up the ECM of bone tissue. 
Anchoring junctions mechanically attach a cell to the...
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Overview of Cell-Matrix Interactions01:24

Overview of Cell-Matrix Interactions

7.5K
The extracellular matrix or ECM holds cells together to form a tissue and allows the cells within the tissue to communicate. ECM comprises proteins such as fibronectin, collagen, laminin, etc. The most abundant protein in this space is collagen. Collagen fibers are interwoven with carbohydrate-containing protein molecules called proteoglycans. ECM allows cell migration and provides a structural scaffold at cell adhesion that anchors the cell when the extracellular matrix proteins interact with...
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Updated: Sep 8, 2025

Fabricating a Kidney Cortex Extracellular Matrix-Derived Hydrogel
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Fabricating a Kidney Cortex Extracellular Matrix-Derived Hydrogel

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Extracellular Matrix: Alport Syndrome.

Jennifer Adeghate1, Stephen Tsang2, Tarun Sharma1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|July 30, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Alport syndrome is a rare genetic disorder affecting approximately 1 in 5000-10,000 newborns. It is characterized by kidney disease, hearing loss, and eye abnormalities.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Nephrology
  • Ophthalmology
  • Audiology

Background:

  • Alport syndrome is an inherited disorder affecting kidney, ear, and eye structures.
  • It arises from mutations in collagen genes crucial for basement membrane integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the key clinical features of Alport syndrome.
  • To highlight the genetic basis and prevalence of this condition.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of Alport syndrome.
  • Analysis of clinical and genetic data.

Main Results:

  • Alport syndrome affects 1 in 5000-10,000 newborns.
  • Clinical manifestations include nephropathy, neurosensory deafness, and ocular abnormalities.

Conclusions:

  • Early diagnosis and management are crucial for Alport syndrome patients.
  • Understanding the genetic basis aids in diagnosis and potential therapies.