CYTOTOXICITY ASSESSMENT OF ADHESIVE SYSTEM COMPONENTS CONTAINING METHACRYLOYLOXYDECYL DIHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE

The safety and biocompatibility of dental adhesive systems remain critical concerns in restorative dentistry due to their close contact with pulp and soft tissues. Methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP-10) is a widely used monomer in adhesive formulations, yet its cytotoxicity profile remains insufficiently characterized.

This study aimed to assess and compare the cytotoxic effects of five MDP-10-containing dental adhesive systems, including a laboratory-synthesized MDP-10 primer, on human gingival mesenchymal stromal cells (hGMSCs) derived from attached and movable gingiva.

Five adhesive materials (UNIVERSAL BOND II, Monobond N, KompoFix Primer, CLEARFIL S3 BOND Universal, and synthesized MDP-10) were tested. Viability of hGMSCs was evaluated using Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide (PI) staining and analyzed via flow cytometry. Two cell cultures were used, obtained from different gingival sites. Statistical significance was assessed using the Mann-Whitney U test (p≤0.05).

Substances 1, 3, and 4 exhibited high cytotoxicity, significantly reducing viable cell percentages and increasing apoptotic and necrotic populations. The synthesized MDP-10 primer (Substance 5) showed the lowest cytotoxicity, maintaining over 60% viability in both cell types. No significant differences were observed between attached and movable gingival cultures.

The results demonstrate that MDP-10-based adhesives differ significantly in cytotoxic potential. Composition and purity play key roles in biocompatibility, and custom-formulated primers may offer safer alternatives for clinical use. These findings support the need for careful material selection and further in vivo validation.