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Tri-band smart window envelope based on temperature adaptive kirigami structure.

Tao Zhang1,2, Zewei Shao1,2, Cuicui Cao1,2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China. cxun@mail.sic.ac.cn.

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|July 31, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel temperature-adaptive radiator with a kirigami structure (TARK) window. The TARK window enhances building energy efficiency by adaptively controlling solar radiation and thermal emissions.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Building Science

Background:

  • Building energy efficiency is critical, with windows being key thermal regulators.
  • Traditional Low-Emissivity (Low-E) and smart windows have limitations in adapting to dynamic environmental conditions.
  • Current window technologies struggle with complex temperature and light variations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel window technology that addresses the limitations of existing smart windows.
  • To introduce a temperature-adaptive radiator with a kirigami structure (TARK) for enhanced building energy efficiency.
  • To enable adaptive solar modulation and angle-adjustable thermal radiation.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of a vanadium dioxide (VO2) based Fabry-Pérot (F-P) cavity with an angle-adjustable kirigami structure.
  • Design of a temperature-adaptive radiator with a kirigami structure (TARK) window envelope.
  • Experimental validation of performance under indoor and outdoor conditions.

Main Results:

  • Achieved 31.10% solar modulation (ΔT_SOL) and 0.96 mid-infrared emissivity (ε_MIR) at high temperatures.
  • Demonstrated 0.63 mid-infrared modulation (Δε_MIR) with angle-adjustable radiation capabilities.
  • Validated directional radiation performance and robustness across diverse weather scenarios.

Conclusions:

  • The TARK window shows significant potential for energy savings, achieving up to 25.3% HVAC energy reduction compared to standard glass.
  • This technology advances next-generation smart windows by integrating materials science, structural engineering, and environmental adaptability.
  • The TARK window offers a promising solution for dynamic thermal radiation control in buildings.