4D-DIA quantitative proteomics unveiled the mechanisms underlying ATP induced quality variation with spore release in...

Spore release, a critical indicator of postharvest quality deterioration in shiitake mushrooms, accompanied by energy consumption. This study investigated the role of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) treatment on the quality of shiitake mushrooms during spore release through microstructural observation, physicochemical analysis, and quantitative proteomics. Exogenous ATP application effectively maintained microstructural integrity and enhanced the activity of enzymes related to energy metabolism. Proteomic analysis based on 4D data-independent acquisition technology identified key differentially expressed proteins localized in the nucleus, membrane, mitochondria, and cytoplasm. Functional enrichment analyses revealed that ATP treatment activated vital metabolic and signaling pathways, including mTOR signaling, DNA replication, and chromatin remodeling, while suppressing lysosomal degradation. Additionally, protein-protein interaction network analysis identified pivotal proteins involved in protein synthesis, stress response, and energy metabolism. These findings provide novel insights into the mechanisms governing spore release and potential strategies for improving mushroom quality.