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A Wireless, Multicolor Fluorescence Image Sensor Implant for Real-Time Monitoring in Cancer Therapy.

Micah Roschelle1, Rozhan Rabbani1, Surin Gweon1

  • 1Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley CA 94720 USA.

IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits
|August 4, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a wireless, implantable sensor for real-time, multicolor fluorescence imaging deep within tissue. This technology offers a novel approach for monitoring immune cells and assessing cancer immunotherapy response.

Keywords:
Biomedical implantfluorescence imagingimmunotherapypersonalized medicineultrasound energy harvesting

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Optical Imaging
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Real-time monitoring of biological processes is crucial for understanding disease and treatment efficacy, especially for cancer immunotherapy with low response rates.
  • Current imaging methods lack the necessary molecular contrast, resolution, and chronic usability for timely assessment of treatment response.
  • There is a need for advanced imaging tools capable of deep-tissue, high-resolution, multicolor visualization of cellular dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and demonstrate a fully wireless, implantable image sensor for multicolor fluorescence imaging deep within biological tissues.
  • To enable real-time monitoring of cellular dynamics, specifically immune cells, for assessing therapeutic responses.
  • To overcome the limitations of existing clinical imaging modalities in terms of molecular contrast, resolution, and chronic usability.

Main Methods:

  • A wireless CMOS image sensor (2.5×5 mm²) was designed for multicolor fluorescence imaging.
  • Ultrasound (US) was used for wireless operation up to 5 cm depth, energy harvesting (221 mW/cm²), and data backscattering (13 kbps, BER <10⁻⁶).
  • In-situ fluorescence excitation was achieved using microlaser diodes and an optical frontend with a multi-bandpass filter and fiber optic plate for three-color imaging and excitation blocking (>6 OD).

Main Results:

  • The sensor achieved wireless operation at 5 cm depth with efficient energy harvesting and high-speed data transmission.
  • A resolution of <125 μm was achieved with the 36×40-pixel array.
  • Demonstrated wireless, dual-color fluorescence imaging of effector and suppressor immune cells in ex vivo mouse tumor samples, with and without immunotherapy.

Conclusions:

  • The developed wireless image sensor provides deep-tissue, multicolor fluorescence imaging capabilities.
  • This technology shows significant promise for rapid assessment of therapeutic response and resistance in cancer immunotherapy.
  • The findings support the potential for guiding personalized medicine through real-time monitoring of dynamic biological processes.