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Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Optrode Array for Simultaneous Optogenetic Modulation and Electrical Neural Recording
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NeuroFlare: An mm3-Scale Wireless Neural Interface Device with Simultaneous Neural Recording and Optical Stimulation.

Linran Zhao1, Yan Gong2, Xiang Liu2

  • 1Chandra Family Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.

IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits
|June 3, 2026
PubMed
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This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces NeuroFlare, a miniature wireless neural interface for simultaneous recording and optical stimulation. Its novel circuit design enables efficient power delivery for stimulation and high-fidelity neural signal acquisition, validated in vivo.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Electrical Engineering

Background:

  • Developing advanced neural interfaces is crucial for understanding brain function and treating neurological disorders.
  • Simultaneous neural recording and stimulation require sophisticated hardware capable of handling high power demands and minimizing signal interference.
  • Miniaturization and low-power consumption are key challenges for implantable neural devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and present NeuroFlare, a wireless, miniature implantable opto-electronic neural interface.
  • To enable simultaneous neural recording and optical stimulation with a novel low-power integrated circuit.
  • To demonstrate the device's functionality and performance in vivo.

Main Methods:

  • Designed a low-power, dual-modal application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) using 180 nm CMOS technology.
Keywords:
implantable miniature neural interfaceneural recordingoptical stimulationwireless data transmissionwireless power transmission

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  • Implemented a novel linear-charging switched-capacitor stimulation (LC-SCS) structure for efficient optical stimulation.
  • Integrated a delta-sigma modulator (ΔΣM)-based recording frontend with a wide dynamic range for artifact-free neural signal acquisition.

    • Main Results:

    • The LC-SCS structure achieved 86.4% charging efficiency, delivering up to 12 mA current pulses from a 1.2 V supply.
    • The ΔΣM recording frontend exhibited a peak dynamic range of 83.7 dB and superior energy efficiency (173.8 dB FoMDR) with low power consumption (9.8 μW).
    • The assembled NeuroFlare prototype (2.8 × 3.5 × 0.7 mm³) successfully recorded light-evoked local field potentials in vivo.

    Conclusions:

    • NeuroFlare represents a significant advancement in implantable neural interface technology.
    • The device's efficient power delivery and high-fidelity recording capabilities pave the way for more sophisticated neural prosthetics and research tools.
    • In vivo validation confirms the potential of NeuroFlare for future neural engineering applications.