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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 12, 2025

The "Motor" in Implicit Motor Sequence Learning: A Foot-stepping Serial Reaction Time Task
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Switching the motor response weakens confidence serial dependence.

Michaela Bocheva1, Dobromir Rahnev2

  • 1Department of Psychology, Yale University, 100 College Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA. michaela.bocheva@yale.edu.

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
|August 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Switching motor responses in decision-making tasks weakens confidence leak, a phenomenon where past confidence influences current judgments. This suggests motor fluency impacts metacognitive evaluations.

Keywords:
Confidence leakMetacognitionMotor actionPerceptual decision makingSerial dependence

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Metacognition
  • Decision-Making

Background:

  • Confidence leak, or confidence serial dependence, describes how past trial confidence influences current trial confidence irrespective of accuracy.
  • This phenomenon is well-documented across diverse cognitive tasks but factors modulating its strength are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if altering the motor response in a perceptual decision-making task affects the magnitude of the confidence leak effect.
  • To explore the role of motor response switching and motor fluency in modulating confidence serial dependence.

Main Methods:

  • Participants performed a perceptual decision-making task, indicating Gabor patch orientation with either their left or right hand, with the response hand randomly assigned per trial.
  • A second experiment utilized different input devices (keyboard vs. mouse) for left and right-hand responses to further examine motor fluency effects.

Main Results:

  • Switching the motor response significantly reduced the strength of the confidence leak effect.
  • Confidence leak was consistently weaker when the preceding trial involved the left hand, indicating reduced motor fluency.
  • Replication confirmed these findings across different response modalities (keyboard and mouse).

Conclusions:

  • Motor response switching demonstrably weakens serial dependencies in confidence judgments.
  • Reduced motor fluency, such as using the less dominant hand, decreases the strength of confidence serial dependence.
  • The motor action involved in making a choice can influence metacognitive assessments of confidence.