Dynamic variations in the volatile aromatic compound profile of jujube pulp during fermentation by mixed microbial
Guangpeng Liu1, Cheng Wang2, Xueyao Lu3
1Jinan Fruit Research Institute, China Federation of Supply and Marketing Co-operatives, Jinan, Shandong, 250200, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
Abstract:
Fermentation is a promising approach to enhance the flavor of jujube pulp, a mixed culture of Lactobacillus plantarum and Eurotium cristatum was used for this purpose. The odor characteristics of jujube pulp during fermentation were comprehensive investigated by electronic nose, GC-IMS, and GC-MS. The W1W, W2W, W1S, and W5S sensors showed the strongest responses in all the samples. GC-IMS identified 57 VOCs, whereas GC-MS identified 115 VOCs. Significant changes in the aromatic compound composition occurred during fermentation, with similar profiles observed in jujube pulp fermented with mixed strains for 1 day (LEFJP1d), LEFJP3d, and LEFJP5d. Multiple factor analysis (MFA) indicated that GC-MS and GC-IMS exhibited similar discrimination abilities for the samples at different stages. Seventeen and sixteen key VOCs were identified by GC-IMS and GC-MS, respectively, with sixteen more based on odor activity values (OAVs). These compounds serve as biomarkers to distinguish jujube pulp stages and optimize fermentation.
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