Biomechanical behavior of immediately placed implant using bone graft and socket shield techniques: a 3D finite...

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Dental Implantology
• Biomechanics

Background:

• Immediate implant placement offers bone preservation and aesthetic benefits.
• Biomechanical behavior of implants under immediate loading requires further investigation.
• This study compares stress distribution in healed, bone-grafted, and socket shield sockets.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze stress distribution in peri-implant bone and implant components.
• To compare the biomechanical performance of socket shield and bone graft techniques versus healed sockets.
• To evaluate immediate loading effects on different immediate implant placement techniques.

Main Methods:

• Finite element analysis (FEA) models were created using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) data.
• Models simulated three scenarios: healed socket (HS), bone graft (BG), and socket shield (SS).
• Simulated immediate loading with axial and non-axial forces was applied to assess stress distribution.

Main Results:

• The socket shield (SS) model showed the lowest maximum principal and von Mises stress in cortical bone (82-90.7 MPa).
• The healed socket (HS) model exhibited the highest stress in cortical bone (125-127 MPa), followed by bone graft (BG) (115-116.84 MPa).
• For implant von Mises stress, HS was highest (385 MPa), while BG (252 MPa) and SS (281 MPa) were lower.

Conclusions:

• The socket shield technique demonstrates superior biomechanical performance under immediate loading.
• This technique effectively reduces stress on peri-implant bone and implant components.
• Clinical applicability is supported, warranting further in vivo validation.