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Related Concept Videos

Documentation of Nursing Diagnosis01:10

Documentation of Nursing Diagnosis

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The nurse documents nursing diagnoses and enters them into the patient record. The identified patient's nursing diagnosis is either written out with a plan of care or entered into the electronic health record.
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Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia01:30

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Negative symptoms of schizophrenia indicate a reduction or absence of typical behaviors and emotional responses found in healthy individuals, while positive symptoms reflect an excess or distortion of normal functioning.
Negative Symptoms
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia manifest as deficits in normal emotional and behavioral functioning, profoundly impacting daily life. Individuals with schizophrenia often display a flat affect, characterized by a near-total absence of emotional expression,...
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Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition affecting neuromuscular transmission, causing generalized weakness in skeletal muscles. Initial diagnoses rely on patients' signs, symptoms, and medical history. The challenge lies in distinguishing myasthenia from other muscular dystrophies. An important diagnostic feature is the significant improvement of symptoms after administering anticholinesterase inhibitors.
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Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)01:27

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The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) serves as the primary classification system for mental health disorders, providing standardized diagnostic criteria for clinicians and researchers. First published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1952, the DSM has undergone several revisions to reflect evolving psychiatric understanding. The fifth edition, DSM-5, released in 2013, introduced key updates that expanded diagnostic categories and modified diagnostic...
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Formulating and Validating Nursing Diagnosis II01:25

Formulating and Validating Nursing Diagnosis II

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Nursing diagnoses represent a problem validated by major defining characteristics. There are four categories of nursing diagnoses: problem-focused, risk, health promotion or wellness, and syndrome. The anatomy of a nursing diagnosis includes three components: problem statement or diagnostic label, defining characteristics, and related factors.
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Formulating and Validating Nursing Diagnosis I01:26

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A nursing diagnosis is written when the nurse recognizes a cluster of essential patient data indicating health problems treated with independent nursing interventions. The standardized terminologies of a nursing diagnosis help nurses identify and treat patients' problems. Every electronic health record that uses nursing diagnosis must employ standard diagnostic terminology. Developing an efficient, individualized care plan begins with accurate nursing diagnoses.
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Human Serum Anti-aquaporin-4 Immunoglobulin G Detection by Cell-based Assay
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Unveiling Misdiagnosis: Rethinking Seronegative NMOSD.

Mary V Lang1, Grant M Welk1, Deena A Tajfirouz2,3

  • 1Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.

Multiple Sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)
|August 16, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diagnosing seronegative neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is difficult. This study found frequent misapplication of 2015 criteria, with many patients having alternative diagnoses like multiple sclerosis.

Keywords:
AQP4Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD)multiple sclerosisoptic neuritistransverse myelitis

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Neurology
  • Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Seronegative neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) presents diagnostic challenges.
  • Accurate diagnosis is crucial for appropriate treatment and management.
  • The 2015 international criteria aim to standardize NMOSD diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the application of the 2015 international criteria for seronegative NMOSD.
  • To identify misapplication of diagnostic criteria in suspected seronegative NMOSD cases.
  • To determine the frequency of alternative diagnoses in patients referred for seronegative NMOSD.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 35 consecutive referrals for seronegative NMOSD.
  • Assessment of adherence to the 2015 international diagnostic criteria.
  • Analysis of alternative diagnoses based on clinical and radiological findings.

Main Results:

  • Only 6% of patients met the formal 2015 criteria for seronegative NMOSD.
  • Another 6% were clinically suspected but lacked radiological support.
  • Common alternative diagnoses included multiple sclerosis (37%), optic neuritis (14%), and functional neurologic disorder (11%).

Conclusions:

  • Misapplication of the 2015 criteria for seronegative NMOSD is prevalent.
  • Alternative diagnoses are frequent and should be strongly considered.
  • Careful evaluation is needed to avoid misdiagnosis in seronegative NMOSD referrals.