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Versatile photonic frequency synthetic dimensions using a single programmable on-chip device.

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Researchers developed tunable photonic synthetic dimensions on thin-film lithium niobate using electro-optic Mach-Zehnder interferometers. This enables versatile control over coupling, allowing simulations of complex physical models and observation of exotic phenomena.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Simulation
  • Photonic Integrated Circuits
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • Photonic synthetic dimensions offer a powerful platform for exploring quantum phenomena.
  • Thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) is a promising material for integrated photonics due to its electro-optic properties.
  • Existing methods for coupling resonators often lack tunability and limit interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel, tunable approach for creating photonic synthetic dimensions.
  • To leverage the TFLN platform for enhanced control over resonator coupling.
  • To enable the simulation of complex physical models and the observation of novel quantum effects.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized electro-optic tunable Mach-Zehnder interferometers to couple resonator arrays.
  • Applied bias voltage and RF modulation for continuous tuning of coupling strength and synthetic magnetic flux.
  • Fabricated a two-resonator prototype on a TFLN chip.

Main Results:

  • Successfully realized tunable long-range coupling between resonators.
  • Demonstrated the simulation of tight-binding, Hall, and Creutz ladder models.
  • Observed key phenomena including spin-momentum locking, flat bands, and Aharonov-Bohm cage effect.

Conclusions:

  • The developed TFLN platform with tunable interferometers provides a versatile and controllable system for photonic synthetic dimensions.
  • This approach significantly enhances the capabilities for simulating complex quantum models.
  • The demonstrated phenomena highlight the potential for future advancements in quantum simulation and integrated photonics.