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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
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Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Updated: Sep 10, 2025

Intramucosal Inoculation of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells in Mice for Tumor Immune Profiling and Treatment Response Assessment
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Immunotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer.

Bridget E Crossman1, Regan L Harmon1, Mari Iida1

  • 1Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.

Cancer Treatment and Research
|August 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a growing global health challenge. Immunotherapy offers new hope, with novel agents and combinatorial strategies being investigated to overcome treatment resistance and improve patient outcomes.

Keywords:
HNCHNSCCHead and neck cancerHead and neck squamous cell carcinomaImmunotherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the seventh most common cancer globally, with increasing incidence.
  • Standard treatments (surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors) face challenges due to therapeutic resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the rising use of immunotherapeutic agents in treating HNC.
  • To discuss advances in various immunotherapeutic modalities for HNC.
  • To explore combinatorial strategies and biomarkers for improved HNC management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature and clinical trial data on HNC immunotherapy.
  • Discussion of novel immunotherapeutic approaches including bispecific antibodies, cytokine delivery, adoptive cell therapy, and oncolytic viruses.
  • Analysis of ongoing research into combination therapies and predictive biomarkers.

Main Results:

  • Immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibition, has shown promise in a subset of HNC patients.
  • Several novel immunotherapeutic agents and strategies are progressing through clinical trials.
  • Combinatorial approaches and biomarker research are crucial for enhancing treatment efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • Immunotherapy represents a significant advancement in HNC treatment.
  • Further research into novel agents, combination therapies, and biomarkers is essential to overcome therapeutic resistance and improve survival rates for HNC patients.