Reduced Platelet Aggregation and Plasma Cytokine Levels Mitigate Progressive Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated...

Patients with metabolic syndrome and coronary artery disease (CAD) are at increased risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), which can progress to steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. MASLD is the most common liver disease and a significant contributor to cardiovascular morbidity. Enhanced platelet aggregation is linked to steatohepatitis, and antiplatelet therapy has been suggested as a potential treatment.

In a prospective study of 51 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or obesity (BMI≥30), we evaluated the impact of antiplatelet therapy on hepatic fat content, liver volume, and iron deposition using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at baseline and six months. Ex vivo platelet function testing and plasma levels of proinflammatory chemotactic cytokines were measured to characterize thromboinflammatory mechanisms underlying MASLD.

Increased platelet reactivity correlated with greater hepatic fat, iron deposition, and liver volume. Antiplatelet therapy was associated with reductions in hepatic volume and iron accumulation. Progression of steatosis was linked to dyslipidemia, platelet hyperreactivity, and elevated plasma levels of profibrotic, inflammatory, and apoptotic chemokines/cytokines. A distinct systemic cytokine profile corresponded with morphological features of progressive MASLD.

Reduced platelet aggregation is associated with attenuation of MASLD features. Antiplatelet therapy correlates with decreased pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic chemokine signaling linked to the morphological characteristics of MASLD. Assessment of platelet reactivity and specific chemokines may enhance understanding of MASLD pathophysiology and support the development of novel therapeutic strategies.