Healing Kinetics of Sinus Lift Augmentation Using Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Granules: A Case Series in Humans

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Regenerative Medicine
• Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Background:

• Sinus augmentation is a key procedure in implant dentistry.
• Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) is a commonly used graft material.
• Understanding bone regeneration dynamics is crucial for optimizing outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the three-dimensional morphometry and macromolecular dynamics of bone regeneration after sinus augmentation using BCP.
• To evaluate the healing and maturation process of regenerated bone at 6, 9, and 12 months.

Main Methods:

• Case series of six patients undergoing maxillary sinus augmentation with BCP granules (30% HA, 70% β-TCP).
• Bone core biopsies analyzed using histology, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), and Raman microspectroscopy (RMS).
• Quantitative assessment of mineralized volume, trabecular spacing, and degree of anisotropy.

Main Results:

• Micro-CT showed progressive bone microstructure maturation; regenerated bone mineral density became comparable to native bone by 12 months.
• Trabecular spacing and degree of anisotropy indicated continued structural remodeling up to 12 months.
• Raman microspectroscopy revealed diminishing β-TCP peaks and increasing collagen and carbonate signals, indicating active matrix formation and mineralization.

Conclusions:

• Bone regeneration and BCP integration in sinus augmentation is an ongoing process extending beyond 6 months.
• Significant structural and macromolecular changes occur between 6 and 12 months, indicating continued maturation.
• BCP serves as an effective scaffold for bone regeneration, supporting complex remodeling processes over time.