Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Chemical Formulas

Chemical Formulas

A chemical formula presents information about the proportions of atoms constituting a particular chemical compound or molecule, mainly using symbols of elements and numbers. At times other symbols, such as dashes, parentheses, brackets, commas, plus, and minus signs, are also used. A chemical formula can be one of three types – molecular, empirical, and structural.

Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature

Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature

An element composed of atoms that readily lose electrons (a metal) can react with an element composed of atoms that readily gain electrons (a nonmetal) to produce ions through complete electron transfer. The compound formed by this transfer is stabilized by the electrostatic attractions (ionic bonds) between the oppositely charged ions.

Formula Mass and Mole Concepts of Compounds

Formula Mass and Mole Concepts of Compounds

Formula Mass of Covalent Compounds

Dosage Regimen Designs: Nomograms and Tabulations

Dosage Regimen Designs: Nomograms and Tabulations

Nomograms and tabulations are vital tools used by clinicians to design accurate and individualized dosage regimens. These instruments provide a straightforward method for adjusting dosages based on individual patient characteristics, including age, weight, and physiological condition. The foundation of a drug's nomogram is population pharmacokinetic data collected and analyzed using specific models. This data simplifies complex equations, presenting them diagrammatically or tabularly for easy...

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Exploring the Relationship Between Problematic Internet Use (PIU) and Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) Among Adolescents.

International journal of environmental research and public health·2026

Same author

Ethnocentrism, Willing to Buy, and Perceived Price of Foods Originated From Specific Countries: An Empirical Study of Consumers in India.

Journal of food science·2026

Same author

Using Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children infant food packages as a proxy for breastfeeding status and duration.

Pediatric research·2026

Same author

Health Belief Model constructs and teachers' use of food rewards.

Public health nutrition·2025

Same author

Consumer Characterization of Commercial Gluten-Free Crackers Through Rapid Methods and Its Comparison to Descriptive Panel Data.

Foods (Basel, Switzerland)·2025

Same author

Performance of a two-item screening for household food insecurity during WIC services.

BMC public health·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Psychophysical Tracking Method to Measure Taste Preferences in Children and Adults

Psychophysical Tracking Method to Measure Taste Preferences in Children and Adults

Published on: July 16, 2016

Sweetness Ratings of U.S. Infant Formulas.

Chelsea Olson¹, Rajesh Kumar², Martin J Talavera²

¹Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.

|August 28, 2025

Summary

Infant formula sweetness varies significantly, impacting intake. This study quantified sweetness in six common formulas, revealing notable differences, particularly in those with added sugars, warranting further research.

Keywords:

dietary sugars infant formula sensory panel sweetness taste perception

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Innovative Ice Cream Melting Behavior Analysis Through a Computer Vision System

Author Spotlight: Innovative Ice Cream Melting Behavior Analysis Through a Computer Vision System

Published on: October 4, 2024

Author Spotlight: Implications of Non-Nutritive Sucking on Speech Emergence and Infant Development

Author Spotlight: Implications of Non-Nutritive Sucking on Speech Emergence and Infant Development

Published on: April 19, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Psychophysical Tracking Method to Measure Taste Preferences in Children and Adults

Psychophysical Tracking Method to Measure Taste Preferences in Children and Adults

Published on: July 16, 2016

Author Spotlight: Innovative Ice Cream Melting Behavior Analysis Through a Computer Vision System

Author Spotlight: Innovative Ice Cream Melting Behavior Analysis Through a Computer Vision System

Published on: October 4, 2024

Author Spotlight: Implications of Non-Nutritive Sucking on Speech Emergence and Infant Development

Author Spotlight: Implications of Non-Nutritive Sucking on Speech Emergence and Infant Development

Published on: April 19, 2024

Area of Science:

Nutrition Science
Sensory Science

Background:

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration regulates infant formula nutritional standards.
Carbohydrate composition and sweetness intensity vary considerably among infant formulas.
Limited research exists on the sensory properties, specifically sweetness, of infant formulas.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate and compare the sweetness intensity of six commonly used infant formulas in the United States.
To investigate the relationship between formula composition and perceived sweetness.

Main Methods:

A trained sensory panel (n=15) assessed formula sweetness on a 0-15 scale over three sessions.
Sensory acuity was confirmed using sucrose concentration discrimination tests.
Statistical analysis involved a 3-way ANOVA with post hoc pairwise comparisons.

Main Results:

Sweetness ratings ranged from 0 to 4.5, with a mean of 1.9 (±1.3).
Significant differences in sweetness were detected among the tested infant formulas (p < 0.0001).
A standard milk-based formula without added non-lactose sugars was rated significantly sweeter than others; formulas with added non-lactose sugars were rated lower.

Conclusions:

Significant variations in infant formula sweetness exist.
These differences may influence infant intake and feeding behaviors.
Further research into the sensory, behavioral, and health implications is recommended.