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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 9, 2025

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Anxiety and Depression are Associated with More Distorted Thinking on Social Media: A Longitudinal Multi-Method

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Summary

Cognitive distortion schemata (CDS) are present in anxiety disorders and increase with symptom severity. Analyzing online language can reveal these patterns, aiding in understanding depression and anxiety.

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Area of Science:

  • Computational linguistics
  • Psychiatry
  • Digital mental health

Background:

  • Depression and anxiety are linked to negative thinking patterns, a target for cognitive therapy (CT) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).
  • Cognitive distortion schemata (CDS) n-grams were developed to identify linguistic markers of cognitive vulnerability to depression in online language.
  • Prior research established a link between CDS and depression diagnosis, but the relationship with anxiety and online language was less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence of CDS in individuals reporting anxiety symptoms.
  • To determine if CDS prevalence increases with anxiety symptom severity.
  • To explore the relationship between online language, CDS, and anxiety.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal, multi-method design was employed, combining surveys and social media text analysis.
  • Data from 537 participants (999,859 tweets) were analyzed from the SOCIAL study, focusing on social media use and mental health symptoms.
  • Bootstrap resampling was used to compare CDS prevalence between anxious and depressed participants.

Main Results:

  • Cognitive distortion schemata (CDS) were detectable in individuals with anxiety disorders.
  • CDS prevalence significantly increased with greater anxiety symptom severity.
  • A relationship was found between CDS and comorbid depression and anxiety.

Conclusions:

  • Online language analysis, using indicators of distorted thinking, offers insights into depression and anxiety trajectories.
  • Findings support the utility of CDS in understanding and potentially intervening in mental health conditions.
  • This research has implications for the evolution of CT/CBT and online interventions targeting cognitive styles.