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Assessing Spatial Memory Impairment in a Mouse Model of Traumatic Brain Injury Using a Radial Water Tread Maze
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Methylene Blue Protects Spatial Working Memory after Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice by Affecting Mitochondrial

A P Gureev1, P I Babenkova2, V V Nesterova2

  • 1Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia. gureev@bio.vsu.ru.

Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine
|August 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Traumatic brain injury elevates inflammation and impairs memory. Methylene blue treatment reduced inflammation and improved cognitive function by enhancing mitochondrial quality control pathways.

Keywords:
inflammationmethylene bluemitochondriatraumatic brain injury

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Science

Background:

  • Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant cause of neurological damage.
  • TBI leads to neuroinflammation and cognitive deficits, including spatial working memory impairment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of methylene blue on neuroinflammation and cognitive function following TBI.
  • To explore methylene blue's impact on mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy pathways post-TBI.

Main Methods:

  • Mice were subjected to TBI, and inflammatory markers and spatial working memory were assessed.
  • Methylene blue was administered within the first 3 days post-injury.
  • Gene expression related to mitochondrial quality control was analyzed.

Main Results:

  • TBI induced increased inflammatory markers in blood plasma and brain tissue, correlating with spatial working memory deficits.
  • Methylene blue treatment reduced specific inflammatory markers.
  • Methylene blue increased the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy.
  • Partial mitigation of cognitive deficits was observed in methylene blue-treated mice.

Conclusions:

  • Methylene blue demonstrates potential therapeutic effects in mitigating TBI-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment.
  • The compound's ability to enhance mitochondrial quality control pathways may contribute to its neuroprotective effects.
  • Methylene blue is a promising candidate for further investigation in TBI treatment strategies.