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THE IMPACT OF SYSTEMIC DRUGS ON THE ORAL AND GUT MICROBIOME: A NARRATIVE REVIEW
Georgian Medical News
|August 30, 2025
Summary
Systemic drugs, including antibiotics and non-antibiotics, significantly alter oral and gut microbiomes, impacting disease and treatment. Understanding these drug-microbiome interactions is key for personalized medicine and reducing adverse effects.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Pharmacology
- Gastroenterology
Background:
- Systemic drugs profoundly influence the human microbiome.
- The oral and gut microbiomes are critical for health and disease.
- Drug-induced microbiome alterations have significant clinical implications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the impact of systemic drugs on oral and gut microbiomes.
- To elucidate mechanisms of drug-induced microbial alterations.
- To highlight clinical implications of these interactions.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature search (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, 2014-2025).
- Keywords: systemic drugs, oral microbiome, gut microbiome, dysbiosis.
- Inclusion of human and translational animal studies on drug-microbiota effects.
Main Results:
- Antibiotics cause significant oral and gut dysbiosis, reducing diversity and increasing pathogen load.
- Non-antibiotic drugs (PPIs, metformin, psychotropics, steroids) also alter microbiome composition with varied effects.
- The oral-gut axis and microbiota's role in drug metabolism highlight complex interactions.
Conclusions:
- Systemic medications broadly impact microbiomes, affecting disease and treatment outcomes.
- Recognizing drug-microbiome interactions is crucial for optimizing therapies.
- Future research should integrate microbiome data into personalized medicine for improved efficacy and safety.
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