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Identification of Circular RNAs using RNA Sequencing
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Formation of Circular RNAs.

Arvind Srinivasan1, Marzena Wojciechowska2

  • 1Department of Rare Diseases, Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Poznan, Poland.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|August 31, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are unique RNA molecules formed by backsplicing. Their biogenesis involves cis-acting elements and RNA-binding proteins, influencing cellular functions.

Keywords:
BacksplicingCircular RNACis-regulatory elementsRNA splicingTrans-acting factors

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • RNA Biology

Background:

  • Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are non-linear RNA molecules formed via backsplicing.
  • They differ from linear RNAs due to their closed-loop structure.
  • circRNAs are generated through various mechanisms including direct backsplicing, exon-skipping, and lariat-skipping.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the variables influencing circRNA biogenesis.
  • To highlight the origins of different circRNA types in humans.
  • To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms governing circRNA synthesis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on circRNA biogenesis.
  • Analysis of cis-acting elements and trans-acting factors involved in circRNA formation.
  • Examination of the roles of reverse complementary matches (RCMs) and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs).

Main Results:

  • circRNA biogenesis is regulated by a complex interplay of cis-acting elements and trans-acting factors.
  • Reverse complementary matches (RCMs) facilitate splice site alignment for backsplicing.
  • RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) can modulate circRNA synthesis by affecting backsplicing efficiency.
  • Three major types of circRNAs exist: exonic (EcircRNAs), intronic (IcircRNAs), and exonic-intronic circRNAs (EIcircRNAs).

Conclusions:

  • circRNA synthesis is a tightly regulated process crucial for cellular activities.
  • Understanding circRNA biogenesis is key to comprehending their diverse functions.
  • The interplay of genetic elements and protein factors shapes the landscape of circRNA production.