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Related Concept Videos

The Carbon Cycle01:14

The Carbon Cycle

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Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle.
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A prudent planetary limit for geologic carbon storage.

Matthew J Gidden1,2, Siddharth Joshi3, John J Armitage4

  • 1International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria. gidden@umd.edu.

Nature
|September 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Geological carbon storage is crucial for climate change mitigation but has limits. A risk assessment reveals a planetary limit of 1,460 Gt CO2, necessitating emissions reductions to avoid exceeding it.

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Area of Science:

  • Earth and Environmental Sciences
  • Climate Science
  • Geology

Background:

  • Geological carbon storage is a vital strategy for mitigating fossil fuel emissions and removing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2).
  • The long-term storage capacity of geological formations is finite and requires careful consideration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a planetary limit for geological carbon dioxide (CO2) storage using a risk-based, spatially explicit analysis.
  • To assess the implications of this storage limit on global temperature reduction and national mitigation strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a risk-based, spatially explicit analysis of carbon storage potential in sedimentary basins.
  • Quantified the planetary storage limit for CO2 and estimated the maximum achievable global temperature reduction.

Main Results:

  • A prudent planetary limit for geological CO2 storage is estimated at approximately 1,460 Gt (1,290–2,710 Gt).
  • Stringent near-term emissions reductions are required to prevent exceeding this limit before 2200.
  • Full utilization of geological storage limits potential global temperature reduction to 0.7°C (0.35–1.2°C).

Conclusions:

  • Geological carbon storage is a finite resource with significant implications for climate policy.
  • Prioritization and explicit decision-making are necessary for the equitable use of storage capacity.
  • National mitigation strategies must account for the limited nature of geological carbon storage.