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Three-Dimensional Phase Resolved Functional Lung Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Functional Thoracic MRI: Recent Advances in Pulmonary Assessment.

Juergen Biederer1,2,3,4, Mark O Wielpuetz2,5, Grace Parraga6

  • 1Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.

Radiology. Cardiothoracic Imaging
|September 4, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Functional thoracic MRI offers detailed regional lung function assessment, surpassing global pulmonary function tests. This advanced imaging evaluates ventilation, perfusion, and gas exchange for improved respiratory disease diagnosis and management.

Keywords:
MR-Functional ImagingPulmonary

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Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) like spirometry provide only global lung function measurements.
  • There is a need for advanced imaging techniques that offer regional assessment of lung function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in functional thoracic MRI for regional lung function and pathophysiology evaluation.
  • To highlight the advantages of MRI over traditional PFTs.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing various contrast mechanisms and gas agents for lung ventilation assessment.
  • Employing perfusion imaging (with or without contrast) for mechanical lung properties.
  • Applying advanced MRI techniques for distal airspace and gas exchange quantification using noble gases.
  • Leveraging dynamic contrast-enhanced perfusion MRI for pathophysiologic mechanism assessment.

Main Results:

  • Functional thoracic MRI enables regional assessment of ventilation, perfusion, and gas exchange.
  • MRI evaluates respiratory mechanics, including chest wall and diaphragm motion, and airway dynamics.
  • Advanced techniques quantify airspace dimensions and diffusion capacity.
  • Dynamic MRI visualizes ventilation-perfusion mismatch and mechanisms like hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction.

Conclusions:

  • Functional thoracic MRI provides comprehensive regional lung function evaluation.
  • Emerging non-contrast techniques show promise for clinical translation.
  • MRI offers a powerful tool for understanding respiratory pathophysiology in various lung diseases.