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Related Concept Videos

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

707
Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
707
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

1.5K
Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are...
1.5K
NMR Spectroscopy: Chemical Shift Overview01:15

NMR Spectroscopy: Chemical Shift Overview

3.1K
The position of the absorption signal of a sample is reported relative to the position of the signal of tetramethylsilane (TMS), which is added as an internal reference while recording spectra. The difference between the absorption frequencies of the sample and TMS (in Hz) is divided by the spectrometer operating frequency (in MHz) to obtain a dimensionless quantity called the chemical shift. It is reported on the δ (delta) scale and expressed in parts per million.
For instance, the proton...
3.1K
¹H NMR of Labile Protons: Temporal Resolution01:10

¹H NMR of Labile Protons: Temporal Resolution

1.7K
Protons bonded to heteroatoms such as nitrogen and oxygen exhibit a range of chemical shift values. This is due to the varying degree of hydrogen bonding between the proton and the heteroatom in other molecules. The extent of hydrogen bonding affects the electron density around the proton, thereby giving different chemical shift values for the protons in the proton NMR spectrum.
The –OH proton in alcohols typically appears in the range of δ 2 to 5 ppm but can vary depending on the specific...
1.7K
¹H NMR Chemical Shift Equivalence: Enantiotopic and Diastereotopic Protons00:58

¹H NMR Chemical Shift Equivalence: Enantiotopic and Diastereotopic Protons

3.2K
Replacing each alpha-hydrogen in chloroethane by bromine (or a different functional group) yields a pair of enantiomers. Such protons are called prochiral or enantiotopic and are related by a mirror plane. Enantiotopic protons are chemically equivalent in an achiral environment. Because most proton NMR spectra are recorded using achiral solvents, enantiotopic hydrogens yield a single signal.
In chiral compounds such as 2-butanol, replacing the methylene hydrogens at C3 produces a pair of...
3.2K
Inductive Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview01:27

Inductive Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview

2.1K
The protons in unsubstituted alkanes are strongly shielded with chemical shifts below 1.8 ppm. Methine, methylene, and methyl protons appear at approximately 1.7, 1.2 and 0.7 ppm, while the proton signal from methane appears at 0.23 ppm. An electronegative substituent, such as chlorine, withdraws the electron density from the protons, increasing their chemical shift. Progressive substitution of the hydrogens in methane by chlorine shifts the proton signals increasingly downfield, to 3.05 ppm in...
2.1K

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Hyperpolarized 13C Metabolic Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging
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Fast Chemical Shift Encoded and J-Decoupled/J-Resolved MRSI Based on Cross-Term Spatiotemporal Encoding.

Ke Dai1, Xinjie Liu2, Yiling Liu1

  • 1National Engineering Research Center of Advanced Magnetic Resonance Technologies for Diagnosis and Therapy (NERC-AMRT), School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.

NMR in Biomedicine
|September 15, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces t1-xSPEN spectroscopic imaging, a faster MRI method for brain metabolite mapping. It overcomes limitations of previous techniques, improving diagnosis of neurological disorders.

Keywords:
J‐decoupledMRSIxSPEN

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Neuroscience
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) is vital for noninvasive brain metabolite analysis but suffers from long acquisition times.
  • Echo-planar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI) improved speed but has spectral bandwidth and field inhomogeneity limitations.
  • Cross-term spatiotemporal encoding (xSPEN) offers resistance to chemical shifts and field inhomogeneities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To extend xSPEN for enhanced MRSI acquisition efficiency and spectral bandwidth flexibility.
  • To develop a J-decoupled xSPEN technique for improved metabolite mapping.
  • To integrate t1-xSPEN with turbo spin echo for robust J-coupling information acquisition.

Main Methods:

  • Developed t1-xSPEN spectroscopic imaging by incorporating t1 evolution into echo-planar imaging-based xSPEN.
  • Implemented J-decoupling by splitting t1 evolution around a pi pulse for constant tau J-coupling.
  • Combined t1-xSPEN with turbo spin echo train acquisition.

Main Results:

  • Achieved enhanced sampling efficiency and flexible spectral bandwidth, surpassing EPSI limitations.
  • Enabled J-decoupled xSPEN spectroscopic imaging with constant tau J-coupling.
  • Demonstrated robust, distortion-free acquisition of J-coupling information.

Conclusions:

  • t1-xSPEN spectroscopic imaging offers improved resolution and accuracy for brain metabolite mapping.
  • The technique provides new insights for diagnosing and understanding neurological disorders.
  • This advanced MRSI method enhances noninvasive analysis of brain pathologies.