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Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

987
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
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Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

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Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
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Secondary Healthcare System01:11

Secondary Healthcare System

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Secondary healthcare is offered by a specialist, generally in hospitals or clinics for patients referred by primary healthcare providers. It occurs when a person has an illness or injury that requires specific medical care. Secondary care is often referred to as acute care. Secondary care can range from uncomplicated care to repair a minor laceration or treat a strep throat infection to more complicated emergent care, such as treating a head injury sustained in an automobile accident. Whatever...
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Primary Healthcare Services01:30

Primary Healthcare Services

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Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
In 1978, international leaders convened in Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan, for what would be a pivotal event in global health. The Alma-Ata Declaration was the first to call...
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Oppositional Defiant Disorder01:30

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

642
A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
Diagnostic Criteria and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
09:13

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Published on: April 22, 2015

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Autism Spectrum Disorder in Primary Care.

Andrea Westby1, Mikaela Coburn-Pierce2

  • 1University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis.

American Family Physician
|September 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects many children and adults, presenting diverse needs. Early screening and tailored interventions, like the SPACE framework, improve health outcomes and quality of life for autistic individuals.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurodevelopmental conditions
  • Neurologic diversity and its impact on health outcomes

Background:

  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a lifelong neurodevelopmental condition affecting 1 in 31 US children and 1 in 45 US adults.
  • Diagnostic criteria include deficits in social communication and restricted, repetitive behaviors, causing functional impairment.
  • Autistic individuals face significantly lower life expectancy and higher rates of chronic health conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
  • To highlight diagnostic criteria and recommended screening practices.
  • To discuss health disparities and treatment approaches for autistic individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Review of diagnostic criteria from the DSM-5-TR.
  • Summary of American Academy of Pediatrics screening recommendations.
  • Overview of common comorbidities and treatment strategies.

Main Results:

  • ASD diagnosis requires specific social-communication deficits and restricted/repetitive behaviors.
  • Pediatric screening is recommended at 18 and 24 months; adult screening is not standard.
  • Autistic individuals experience reduced life expectancy and increased chronic health issues.
  • Pharmacologic and behavioral interventions, including the SPACE framework, can manage symptoms and improve care.

Conclusions:

  • Early diagnosis and comprehensive assessment are crucial for autistic individuals.
  • Addressing comorbidities and implementing patient-centered care frameworks like SPACE can improve health outcomes.
  • Further research into health disparities and effective interventions for ASD is warranted.