Upper Extremity Vascular Access for Structural Interventions.

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Vascular Surgery
• Interventional Cardiology

Background:

• Transfemoral access is the traditional approach for structural and congenital cardiac interventions.
• Upper extremity vascular access is emerging as a viable alternative.
• Radial, subclavian, and axillary arteries are key sites for upper extremity access.

Purpose of the Study:

• To outline the expanding role of upper extremity vascular access in structural and congenital cardiac interventions.
• To compare the safety and efficacy of upper extremity versus transfemoral access.
• To highlight the procedural contexts where upper extremity approaches are favored.

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature and procedural data.
• Analysis of complication rates and patient outcomes.
• Discussion of anatomic and technical challenges associated with upper extremity access.

Main Results:

• Upper extremity approaches demonstrate lower complication rates compared to transfemoral access.
• These methods offer enhanced safety and facilitate earlier patient ambulation.
• Specific procedures include TAVR, aortic balloon valvuloplasty, paravalvular leak closure, adult congenital defect interventions, and mechanical circulatory support placement.

Conclusions:

• Upper extremity vascular access is increasingly favored for selected patients and procedures in structural heart disease.
• Accumulating evidence and operator experience support the benefits of these approaches.
• Optimized outcomes in structural heart disease management are achievable with upper extremity strategies.