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Related Concept Videos

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement01:27

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement

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Body:After oral administration, poor permeability often limits the rate at which drugs are absorbed through the intestinal epithelium. Enhancing drug permeability is crucial for effective therapy, and several strategies have been developed to overcome this challenge.One effective strategy involves the use of lipid-based formulations. These formulations enhance dissolution and solubility, targeting physiological mechanisms to increase drug absorption. This includes stimulating bile salt...
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Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
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Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
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Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

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The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
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Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral01:25

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The administration of drugs via parenteral routes allows for direct drug introduction into the systemic circulation, resulting in high bioavailability because the medication bypasses the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract and hepatic metabolism.
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Drugs must traverse multiple biological barriers, such as multi-layered skin, single-layered intestinal epithelium, and the plasma membrane, to reach their target sites within the body. The plasma membrane, a highly structured composite of phospholipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, is the cell's protective boundary, facilitating selective substance exchange.
Phospholipids arrange themselves into a bilayer, with hydrophilic heads oriented outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward.
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Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Development, Characterization, and Evaluation of CAGE-based Ionic Liquid Systems for Transdermal Delivery
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Ionic liquid-based transdermal drug delivery systems for biopharmaceuticals.

Fahmida Habib Nabila1, Muhammad Moniruzzaman2, Masahiro Goto1,3,4

  • 1Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan. m-goto@mail.cstm.kyushu-u.ac.jp.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|September 23, 2025
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Summary

Ionic liquids (ILs) enhance transdermal drug delivery (TDDS) of biologics like proteins and nucleic acids by improving skin permeation. IL-based nanocarrier systems show promise for treating diabetes and cancer via non-invasive delivery.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background:

  • Transdermal delivery of biopharmaceuticals faces challenges due to the skin's stratum corneum barrier.
  • Ionic liquids (ILs) offer unique physicochemical properties beneficial for drug delivery.
  • ILs can act as solvents and permeation enhancers, improving biomolecule solubility, stability, and skin transport.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in ionic liquid-based transdermal drug delivery systems (IL-TDDS).
  • To highlight the application of ILs in nanocarrier systems for delivering biologics.
  • To focus on lipid- and choline-derived IL-enabled TDDS.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of ILs into various nanocarrier systems (ethosomes, transethosomes, emulsions, dispersions).
  • Utilizing ILs as multifunctional materials for enhanced transdermal transport.
  • Evaluating IL-TDDS efficacy in preclinical models for diabetes and cancer immunotherapy.

Main Results:

  • Successful transdermal delivery of insulin, siRNA, mRNA, and other biologics using IL-based nanocarriers.
  • IL-based formulations demonstrate high stability and enhanced drug bioavailability compared to conventional systems.
  • Demonstrated prolonged glycemic control in diabetic models and potent anti-tumor responses in nucleic-acid immunotherapy.

Conclusions:

  • Ionic liquids are effective multifunctional materials for overcoming transdermal delivery barriers.
  • IL-enabled nanocarrier systems represent a promising strategy for non-invasive delivery of biopharmaceuticals.
  • IL-TDDS holds significant potential for therapeutic applications in metabolic diseases and cancer immunotherapy.