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P-N junction

P-N junction

A p-n junction is formed when p-type and n-type semiconductor materials are joined together. At the interface of the p-n junction, holes from the p-side and electrons from the n-side begin to diffuse into the opposite sides due to the concentration gradient. This diffusion of carriers leads to a region around the junction where there are no free charge carriers, known as the depletion region. The charge density within the depletion region for the n-side and p-side can be described by the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques

Published on: November 11, 2013

NbP-NbO Heterostructures with Engineered Built-In Electric Fields for Accelerated Lithium Polysulfide Conversion.

Jin Guo¹, Tao Ren¹, Xinyuan Wang¹

¹School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-Ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China.

|September 26, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A novel NbP-NbO heterostructure catalyst effectively regulates lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) by creating an electric field that accelerates conversion kinetics. This breakthrough enhances lithium-sulfur battery performance, paving the way for practical applications.

Keywords:

Li−S batteries built-in electric field lithium polysulfide conversion metal phosphide shuttle effect

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Published on: March 7, 2018

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Catalysis

Background:

Lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) pose challenges in lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries due to sluggish conversion kinetics.
Effective regulation of LiPSs is crucial for improving Li-S battery performance and energy density.

Purpose of the Study:

To design and investigate a novel NbP-NbO heterostructure catalyst for regulating LiPSs.
To enhance the conversion kinetics of LiPSs in Li-S batteries.
To evaluate the electrochemical performance of a cathode utilizing the NbP-NbO/C@S heterostructure.

Main Methods:

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations to understand the electronic structure and catalytic mechanism.
Galvanostatic intermittent titration (GIT) to study activation energy and concentration gradients.
In situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to analyze kinetic barriers and transport limitations.

Main Results:

The NbP-NbO heterostructure generates a built-in electric field, inducing electron flow and lowering the LiPS reduction energy barrier.
DFT calculations confirmed accelerated LiPS conversion kinetics due to electron redistribution.
The NbP-NbO/C@S cathode demonstrated a high specific capacity (1463.6 mAh g^-1 at 0.2 C), excellent cycling stability, and superior rate capability (704.9 mAh g^-1 at 5 C).

Conclusions:

The NbP-NbO heterostructure effectively regulates LiPSs and enhances conversion kinetics.
The developed cathode material shows significant potential for high-performance Li-S batteries.
A practical pouch cell achieved a high energy density of 403 Wh kg^-1, indicating viability for real-world applications.